Much ado and Carol Ann Duffy

Duffy present human weaknesses/ flaws in some of the characters they write about In Shakespearean play ‘Much Ado about Nothing', Don John is a very Important character. He is an illegitimate son, which automatically lowers him In the society of the Elizabethan age. He Is Isolated, Ignored and rejected by everyone In his life, which Is one of the reasons which seem to force him to behave as a villain.People expected this of him as they assumed that everyone born out of wedlock was probably an untrustworthy, luscious villain. Don John feels he must be a villain by acting in manipulative, sly and Jealous ways, which portrays his lack of psychological development and lack of relationships with people. The relationship we mainly learn about in the play is between Don John and his brother, Don Pedro. Due to Don John being the illegitimate son it means he cannot inherit anything from his family nor have the same recognition as his brother, who is of legitimate birth.Even though Don Pe dro doses't outwardly treat Don John cruelly, Don John Is very aware that he Is seen s socially Inferior to Don Pedro He Is a device used by Shakespeare to create tension and drama throughout the play. He Is not the most complex villain among Shakespearean villainous characters, however he has a purpose. The thinness of his character teaches us about the knowledge people have of him In society: he Is Just seen as a ‘bastard' and people don't even want to be associated with him so don't bother to learn anything about him.The fact that we don't learn much about Don John also reminds us that the play isn't meant to be a tragedy; it is supposed to teach us about the misunderstandings. It isn't really supposed to analyses evil at all. The question deals with Don John's character of being weak and flawed. Flawed means having or characterized by a fundamental weakness of imperfection whereas weakness means a disadvantage or fault. In Don John's first appearance, everyone is cele brating the return from war.They are all In high spirits and good moods, however when Don John enters the mood suddenly lowers and people begin to feel nervous and uncomfortable. In this appearance Don John acts respectful and genuine. He says ‘l am not a man of many words, but thank you. This shows that he Is poor at communicating in social situations; however he is trying to fit in. Shakespeare purposely made him different from the rest of Don Padre's men because his social status is much lower than the rest of them in that day and age. The others are respected Just from the point that they are legitimate children.This quote is the only time he speaks in this scene, which implies that he is quite mysterious and withdrawn from society and deep in thought. It also suggests that he lacks self- esteem due being treated as inferior. This quote could otherwise be interpreted as IM being sarcastic. He repeats thank you' which means he is not in fact thankful, but is the opposite as they have all treated him so badly. He uses an unfriendly, stiff tone to show how reserved he is and that he does not want to give any more Information than Is absolutely necessary.This highlights Shakespearean purpose for Don John which Is to use him as a dramatic device, and he causes drama and tension in his very first appearance in the play. In Act 2 scene 1 Beatrice says of Don John, after. ‘ This shows that Don John is not very good at making first impressions. This is cause he makes no effort to impress people as he knows that when they find out he is a bastard they will not want to be associated with him. ‘Tartly suggests sourly tastes, which relates to his outlook on life.He has a sour outlook on life due to the sour treatment that people respond to him with. Therefore he has learnt to be this way as he is treating others the way they treat him. In Act 4 scene 1 Don John says after the shaming of Hero, 'Sir they are spoken, and these things are true. &apos ; This seems quite ironic seeing as Don John is often being manipulative ND lying to people. He is trying to trick people into believing him about Hero out of spite. Right from the beginning of Act 1 scene 3, we get a sense of how unhappy Don John is.His 'sadness is without limit' suggests that he never stops feeling sad. He has never been given a reason to be happy so his default emotion is sadness. It also implies that sadness is not a big deal to him, also because it is all he has ever known, and he uses this anger and upset to hurt other people. This sadness may get some sympathy from the reader but he refuses to 'hear reason' as Comrade suggests. Comrade is stating that he thinks Don John is being irrational. 'Reasoning' is a human skill.By saying that Don John cannot reason he is suggesting that he is annalistic and non-human. This does fit in with his character as he is so much lower in society than everyone else. He is treated as an animal as hi s feelings are disregarded and he is isolated like a dog in a cage. Later on in Act 1 scene 3 we again learn how unhappy and disturbed Don John is. This is made clear when Comrade asks a question: 'Can you make no use of your discontent? POS; This shows that Don John's closest friends think he is being unreasonable and is not making sense.Also, although Comrade is close to Don John his lines are still short which indicates that he doses't want to say too much and he still takes special care not to make him angry. This makes us assume Don John is disturbed and unhappy because 'discontent' suggests you are on edge and are constantly not happy about something- in this case it is that he won't ever be accepted by the people around him. Also at the time he is talking with quite a lot of anger and despise in his tone. During his rant he says 'elf I had my mouth, I would bite. POS; This tells us that his words are controlled by his brother, Don Pedro, as he must say everything that will please him. If he was to be given his freedom he would use it in violent ways to cause mayhem and unhappiness amongst those who have treated him badly. Therefore we learn through act 1 scene 3 that he is very disturbed and unhappy due to the pain and suffering he has been caused. If he had it his way he would make everyone else's life a living hell and drag everyone down to the level he has in society. In contrast to his

Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

For the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne the most explored theme of all his writings is the imperfect spirituality of man and the pervasiveness of sin throughout creation. Both of the stories under analysis here, Young Goodman Brown and The Minister’s Black Veil, feature a young reverend as the central character of the work and a Puritanical community in New England as the setting. Both of the tales are allegories centered on the ambiguity of human spirituality and on the ubiquity of sin in creation. Young Goodman Brown is an allegory about the deep mystery of sin, for which the author makes use of all available suggestive elements, from the setting- a deep and gloomy forest in New England, to the characters and their symbolic names- Goodman, an obvious hint at â€Å"good man†, and Faith, an equally transparent hint at religious faith, to other symbolic elements such as the staff resembling a wrinkled serpent, obviously the serpent in the Garden of Eden. Hawthorne approaches the idea of sin in his allegorical usual way, with conspicuous Biblical allusions, but also with deep psychological insight into the character’s soul and mind. He delves profoundly into human consciousness and the life of the mortal soul, highlighting the permanent conflicts between virtue and sin. In Young Goodman Brown we follow the main character on his intricate course through the dark and gloomy forest, reminding us of the Garden of Eden, and we are confronted with the grim temptations of sin in a vague, confusing setting, where the line dividing-line between dream and reality becomes very thin. It is Hawthorne’s own choice to leave the question as to whether the night’s confused events and the meeting of the community of witches was a dream or reality. Through this artifice, an essential problem is set forth- the result is that the reader has to wonder whether the sin and the fall into temptation belong to Goodman alone or whether the entire community is pervaded by sinfulness and immorality. The forest is thus a symbol for the human consciousness and for the spiritual life of man, and what Hawthorne undertakes to find out is whether everybody is actually lost on the paths of the spiritual, and which of the two –virtue or sin – is the true state of the spiritual life. Another important aspect is that in the midst of the gloominess of the forest meet for initiation into the lore of sinfulness, both the villagers who are commonly considered as virtuous and pious in everyday life, and are often set an example, and those members of the community who are normally viewed as sinners or criminals. Thus, the two main sides of spiritual life- virtue and sin are both mere appearances, whereas in the inner life of man they live together undisturbed. The Minister’s Black Veil is similar to Young Goodman Brown in many respects. Again, the centre of the story is the tormented consciousness of a young priest, who chooses to wear a symbolic black veil over his eyes, that prevents him from enjoying any kind of mortal happiness. In the end, the veil is seen as a symbol for the darkness and sinfulness that is hidden into the depths of human consciousness and that separates man from his fellows. As Goodman Brown typifies the average man, torn between virtue and sin, the minister in this story symbolizes the imperfect spirituality of man. The black veil that hides the face of the young priest is but the symbol of the outward representation of sin. According to Hawthorne, sin is inherent in the soul and is only veiled by the appearance of virtue. Sinfulness lies therefore deep within and separates all men from one another as the black veil separates the minister both from light and from communion with his fellows. Hawthorne therefore tackles mortal imperfection and the pervasive nature of sin in creation. Both stories emphasize the nature of human spirituality, at the very core of which sin and unlawfulness thrive.

Gender roles in leadership and how they impact behavior Research Paper

Gender roles in leadership and how they impact behavior - Research Paper Example Action of any leader has been always dependent on the response given by the followers, and these actions also responsible to control the leader’s future activities. Therefore according to Sullivan leadership in a mutual process of influence between an individual (leader) and the followers to achieve a certain goal. (Sullivan, 2009, abstract). With the development of society and work culture, it is now very clear that the opportunity to free both men and women from the concept of gender stereotype is already there, to understand the implication of this change it is quite essential to discuss about the history of gender roles in respect to leadership. According to Perschel (2009), There was a long standing though that men were strong and assertive where as women were communal, strong and understanding, this was the thought process presented to describe why the successful women were not the leaders. But according to her, this concept brought few questions such as why in the first place leadership was only associated with men and so on (Perschel, 2009). History of leadership: During 1900 most of the people were not well educated and therefore he leadership role was associated with only a few men, the theory of the great man clarified the fact that due to that less education only a handful of men was associated with leadership power and enjoy superiorintelectual and moral capabilities. But after world war I and II, the scenery started to change as more people get well educated and different industry all over the world was in search for more leaders. During the middle of 1900 century people who was acting as the leaders were used the military style and command .These were also noticed in different hierarchialorganizations where the prevalence of command and control level were established. Most of the leaders were men and the power was distributed among them. They used to be dominative, aggressive and individualistic. By the late 20th century women used to take part in the management activities but at the beginning they have to learn how they could survive in the culture of command and control of men. The minority group of female, who entered the management structure are initially recognized just as tokens. Perschel refers to the concept of â€Å" rules of three†- there was a necessity to have at least two people supporting the thoughts of minority groups, before it could be heard by the dominant male management team. According to her, women needed to show their power-both individualism and assertiveness with a proper balance of feminity, softness and community orientation to be heard and get proper attention by the top management (Perschel, 2009). Change in Gender Stereotype in Leadership: With the development of the world economy and standard of work culture it is at present absolutely necessary that every organization has to be fast and nimble in order to be successful. leaders of the top management need to create a work culture where the employees feel comfortable and adapt quickly.the high performing work force can only be managed by a leader who have qualities that ensured 6the belief on each and

Boeing's Alliance with Foreign Partners Research Paper

Boeing's Alliance with Foreign Partners - Research Paper Example Because of the divergence in cultures of the two economies, the same job is performed differently in various cultural and national settings. However, the art to survive in a new market setting is designated as adaptability. Ultimately, the need to change compels an organization to alliance with local firms because they have the cultural awareness about a particular market environment. On the other hand, firms go into partnerships to acquire a novel technology as well. International airline companies, such as Boeing, are doing business in the international setting when in other industries this practice was considered as an impractical one. Therefore, these organizations are well aware of the strategic importance of an alliance, especially in a foreign market. It is imperative to modify the organizational structure and culture according to the situation of a market in which the organization is operating. An important reason for an alliance is to outsource a practice, which an organizat ion cannot perform adequately well or economically. Various organizations outsource the hiring function in a foreign market to a local consultancy because of its lack of knowledge about the educational standards prevailing in the alien market (Elmuti & Kathawala, 2001). The purpose of Boeing’s extensive alliances is based on developing a next generation technology by partnering with various firms, thus pooling resources to expedite the developmental process. An alliance could be defined as a strategic decision of two or more firms under which they have to collaborate their resources to achieve some common objectives or goals. Main reasons of this kind of decision are the need to understand a foreign market culture or advancement in the technological capabilities of an organization. Similarly, organization commits to an alliance to gain a condition called synergy (Pyke & Johnson, 2002) which allows different organizations to benefit from various capabilities and resources of e ach other, and attain a common goal (Gomes-Casseres, 2003). Organizations develop strategic alliances to forego the extra value chain costs; therefore, they hire other firms to do these tasks. For instance, Boeing fabricated a contract with Tata companies in India to produce engines for their aircrafts, and this decision was taken to reduce the cost of production, because Indian rupee is significantly low in comparison with the US currency. Boeing, therefore, managed to gain a large scale cost advantage by this decision. Boeing established collaboration with Ford in terms of nanotechnology. Moreover, Boeing and Airbus are working to develop an aircraft with aerodynamics, which would be able to make it efficient in terms of fuel consumption, with its modified structure (Micheal, 2002). Boeing is busy in the joint struggle with Lockheed Co. to develop an advanced rocket, designed to explore the secrets of space (Beighley, 2007). Boeing is also trying to develop aerospace technology th rough working together with Japanese firms; however, the main hindrance on the way to success for this venture is the divergence between the cultures of the people working on this project (McGuire, 2007). Japanese are holding the key influence during the execution of this venture because of their technological knowledge; therefore, the Americans have to cope with the way Japanese work. It is important to note that Japanese

Aviation in the Global Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Aviation in the Global Context - Essay Example This papers aims at critically evaluating the challenges and opportunities faced by airport planners today as well as critically accessing the response of airport operators in view of new airline customers and their needs. The evaluation is based on the statement that deregulation and liberalization have resulted in challenges and opportunities for both airlines and airports. Business models and networks continue to evolve. One of the major factors that are notable in the European aviation market according to Button et al, 1998 was the deregulation that was done in three packages that is in 1987, 1990, and 1992. Major aspect that led to deregulation of airline industries across the world was the deregulation of the domestic passenger air transport market in US in 1978. As the result of reducing the level of government regulations, most airline companies benefited from new opportunities that exposed them to increased profits even though there emerged challenges that needed the airline planners to make costly adjustments. Busby et al (1997) indicates that within the European market, significant number of trunk carriers reorganized their networks from point –to point into hub-and-spoke networks. Additionally, in their efforts to connect with other hubs worldwide, direct flights from medium airports to other medium airports were increasingly replaced by indirect flights through a central airport or hub. As the result of deregulation, Airey (2002) depicts that European airlines adopted wave-systems structures or intensified the existing structures. One of the notable challenges is that for the airlines to provide quality services that were in line with the government policies, they needed to intensify their wave-system structures by adding more waves or increasing the quality of the wave-system structure. For example, Air France adopted a six wave system at Paris CDG, which resulted into configuring the airport in a real

History topics since 1500s Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History topics since 1500s - Assignment Example The entry of the European into the Americas had some very serious impacts on the native people who frequently fell for diseases and genocidal policies of the Europeans. It was in the period of Amerindian population decline that some other forms of coercive human labor that included slavery got exploited during the construction of the new world. The cores of the development of Atlantic commerce were sugar and slave (Coclanis, 2005). Therefore, the history of the Atlantic commerce cannot in any way be separated with the history of slavery and the act of transferring both labor and capital across the Atlantic. The transfers of slaves and capital across the Atlantic is also very closely linked with sugar production. (Coclanis, 2005) The emergences of new and improved technology together with human culture were intertwined in the advancement of the sugar industry and this acted as one of the mainstays of the new Atlantic economies. The significance of the trade is that, it led to the mass ive movement of people across the Atlantic. The migrations that were made during this period led slaves settling on their working areas. The major significance of this type of trade is that it has shaped the history of the worlds trade and it has led to a massive growth of cities across the world. In between 1450 and 1750, the two states had several comparisons. Politically, there were differences in the type of leaders who ruled these empires; the forms of governments and the political structures were all different from many other comparisons (Berktay, 1991). There is also an economic and religious comparison of the two states and they are given in the table below. The people within the states and how some of their funds are used base the economic comparisons of the two states on the type of trades that are carried out. The source of livelihood to the

Conflict Interests and Goals Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conflict Interests and Goals - Case Study Example During the conflict, it is important for the leader to be clear about the goals of the group, who often have multiple goals, in order to effectively manage conflict within its members. Since individual goals are usually contradicting in the conflict, they often cause confusion and internal tension between the group members. To diminish the costs and damages associated with conflicts, group members are required to be cautious and plan out their goals. This supports them to outline the nature of the conflict more noticeably, so that the conflicting parties are able to react maturely. (Cengage, 2008) While goals may evolve over the course of conflict, starting with a practically focused image of their goals and objectives helps parties to manuever conflicts with less resistance. (Foundation Coalition, 2011) How each TRIP goal functions for 2-3 of the people involved in the case study? TRIP goals with reference to â€Å"The Show Must Go On†: Topic Goals: Topic Goals are goals conc erning substantive issues that explain the nature of desires of each person associated with the conflict. They describe what the members are fighting for (Conflict Purple Group, 2011).

Personal Perspectives of Death and Dying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Personal Perspectives of Death and Dying - Essay Example She has even ready to celebrate his death and sold the exclusive rights of capturing her final moments to some media. â€Å"Death begins when the heart stops beating. Deprived of oxygen, a cascade of cellular death commences, beginning with brain cells and ending with skin cells. Death is a process rather than an event. Specifying the moment of death usually involves deciding on a point from which there can be no return.† (What is Death?) Most of the children may not think much about death since childhood is filled with many other activities. The confusing things about death life may not influence them much during that stage. But the religious learning centers such as Sunday school and church related activities may sometimes force them to think in terms of death also. Moreover they may get lot of information about life and death through the literatures they might have read during their childhood. The parents may not talk much about death since the children may ask confusing questions regarding the death which may not be easy for them to answer. But it is necessary for the parents to talk about death if the child asks anything about it to know his interpretations about death. If his interpretations are misleading, then the parents must try to clear his confusions about death. The thought about death was an irritating thing for me even from my childhood. After grown up, I often tried to analyze the meaning of life personally. The science topics which I learned during my studies were not convincing enough to clear my doubts about life and death. I tried to compare the scientific knowledge about death with my religion’s interpretation of death. Though scientifically not proved, I confirmed that religious beliefs cannot be written off. Science often gives us information about material things. Though science was successful in providing us much knowledge about the non material things energy and forces which exists on

W3HIAEffective project management in an organizational context Assignment

W3HIAEffective project management in an organizational context - Assignment Example 4. Outline Methods That You Would Consider In Building an Effective Project Team 6 References 7 Q.1. Evaluate How the Different Project Interface (I.E., With Rest of the Organisation and With the Outside World) Are Different When Managing A Virtual Project Team Compared To Managing A ‘Collocated’ Project Team Project management is regarded as one of the crucial activities of an organisation which tends to plan, organize and execute available resources towards the attainment of organisational targets. This particular approach can also be seen in Starbucks Corporation wherein the company develops both virtual and collocated teams for ensuring smooth conduct of effective project management related practices within the organisation. However, the organisation has the need to develop different strategies in order to maintain the two aforementioned teams. In managing virtual project team, the organisation needs to manage goals, build effectual communication and keep people moti vated in a diverse way. Setting clear goals is important in managing virtual teams for the purpose of facilitating the teams to clarify any sort of doubt. Additionally, proper communication is also a key variable which can be used in managing virtual teams in the context of project management. ... The company manages these teams through analyzing their daily activities (Trautsch, 2003). Q. 2. Synthesize Views from Your Wider Academic Reading on How You Might Best Communicate and Coordinate Your Virtual Project Team As mentioned in the above discussion, proper communication is one of the vital variables which is quite useful in managing a virtual project team effectively. It can be affirmed in this similar concern that proper communication can be possible with the adherence of certain useful approaches in dealing with virtual project team. One of the approaches is the implementation of electronic communication which includes e-mail and telecommunication among others. Through this approach, the organisation needs to interact periodically with virtual team members which will ensure building proper communication. Furthermore, the approach of communication will also include building greater relationship of trust with the virtual team members along with clearly stating them about th e expectations of the organisation. Apart from this, the organisation will also need to adopt effective communication techniques that involve less time. Coordination is a problem in virtual project team as the team is not located close to the organisation on a regular basis. In order to strengthen this aspect, the organisation needs to design its project clearly and precisely. It is also important that virtual team understands what the actual needs of the project and how to proceed for the same. This will ensure forming greater coordination amid every member of the virtual project teams (Witthaus & et. al., 2008). Q.3. Comment in Your Paper on the Relevance of the Problems and Suggestions Shown On Page 232. Show How Your Wider

Cloning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloning - Essay Example By discussing these to the full extent, we will be able to come to a more conclusive and knowledgeable objective on this subject of interest. The aim of this paper is to discuss of this, as well as the other key factors in regards to this issue. This is what will be dissertated in the following. The term cloning is literally referred to as "using specialized DNA technology to produce multiple, exact copies of a single gene or other segment of DNA to obtain enough material for further study." ("CDC", 2006). The process itself is actually referred to as cloning DNA, and the resulting cloned (or copied) collections of DNA molecules are called clone libraries. In more simple terms, cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of something original. In the cloning of a gene, there must be extraction from one gene from an organism and insert that into another organism, where it can then be used and studied. There is also a related technique to this which is called subcloning, which refers to the transferring of a gene from one plasmid into another, again for further study. Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means. Although the idea of cloning may seem rather revolutionary to some, it has in fact been around for some while. It has been used for many years to produce plants (in fact even growing a plant from a cutting is a type of cloning). The terms 'recombinant DNA technology', 'DNA cloning', 'molecular cloning', or 'gene cloning' all refer to the same process: the transfer of a DNA fragment on interest from one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. "This technology has been around since the 1970s, and it has become a common practice in molecular biology labs today." (Cloning Fact Sheet, 2006). When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually only talking about one type of cloning, which is called reproductive cloning. However, there are many different forms of cloning, including human cloning, animal cloning, and cellular cloning. As for reproductive cloning, it is a technology which is used to generate an animal that has the same DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. The majority of reproductive cloning has so far been tried and tested on animals, with the modern cloning techniques involving nuclear transfers being successfully performed on several species. These land mark experiments in chronological order are: Tadpole (1952) Carp (1963) Sheep (1986) Rhesus monkey: Tetra (female, January 2000) Cattle: Alpha and Beta (males, 2001) and (2005) Brazil Cat: Copycat "CC" (female, late 2001), Little Nicky (2004) was the first cat cloned for commercial reasons Mule: Idaho Gem (2003) Horse: Prometea (2003) Human (2005) Dog: Snuppy (2005) The recent success in cloning animals has sparked fierce debates among scientists, politicians and the general public about the use and morality of cloning plants, animals and possibly humans. Although some argue that cloning can be used for many positive reasons, such as to preserve and increase the number of various endangered species, others are outraged at the 'misuse and mistreatment of science'. Currently the most successful cloning technique is that of the somatic cell nuclear transfer. This is the same cloning technique which allowed Dolly the sheep to be cloned, is also the same technique used by ACT - the first company to

Louisa May Alcott-Term Paper Essay Example for Free

Louisa May Alcott-Term Paper Essay Many authors use experiences from their life as a guide to their writing. It’s a way to express their feelings and emotions, and it’s something in which they can be passionate. Writers and authors think on a different level than anyone else. They are constantly thinking of different ideas for novels, poems or stories. The best writing comes from those who use their own lives as a basis for their writing. They know what to write about and how to describe it perfectly. The best thing about writing from experience, I think, is that, since it’s still a fictional story, you can have an idea about what you want to write about, but you’re still able to add the interesting and fun details you want to. I believe that Louisa May Alcott has written from her own life experiences. In Eight Cousins, Rose Campbell’s father passed away and she went to live with two of her aunts and her uncle, closely surrounded by her seven male cousins, as well as their mothers. She was a sickly girl and the only cure her uncle could think of was to get active, whether it was considered ladylike or not. When the two first met, he immediately got her to be outside more and to spend a little less time thinking about her health. Alcott was perceived as a tomboy and would often play outside, climbing trees or running around. She had a boy neighbor, about her age, with whom she would often play. The two were almost inseparable for a while, and he was described by Alcott as the brother she always wanted. Continuing in Eight Cousins, Rose befriended the maid of the household, Phebe, and eventually adopted her as her own sister. Rose believed in a good education, as did Alcott, and would teach Phebe all sorts of different school subjects on her own time. Rose was well educated in Latin and loved to read. She very much enjoyed school, and was extremely smart, though most of the young women in her time weren’t educated. Both Rose and Phebe looked forward to the times when they would get to study together. Phebe was never educated before, though she wished to be, and really appreciated Rose for teaching her. â€Å"For women such as Alcott, the world in which they live included women who needed to move beyond the traditional domestic ideal.†(â€Å"Unsexed†) Rose was part of the family living in a house with a maid. She was expected to clean up after herself, as was everyone else, but she went beyond that, offering to cook or clean, even when the help wasn’t asked of her. She made sure she was educated and healthy, yet still humble at the same time. Rose always wanted to help. In Eight Cousins, it was prominently noted that once Rose went to live with her aunts, uncles, and cousins, there was a major improvement in her. â€Å"In an era when women had few options for earning money, Alcott determined to overcome her family’s poverty through her prolific writing.† (â€Å"Louisa† 3) Alcott’s family struggled when it came to money, but after moving several times, things got a little easier, especially when Alcott herself started making money on h er works. â€Å"In the later juvenile novel Rose in Bloom, the theme of women’s rights is interwoven throughout the lives of its characters.†(â€Å"Louisa† 3) Alcott never married, and part of the reason was that she didn’t want to give up her independence. This was an era where women weren’t given as much respect as men, and hardly had any freedom for themselves. Alcott was very much a pro-women’s rights advocate. She did everything she could to try and get a say in society. She joined clubs and groups, and protested against the treatment women were given. â€Å"Alcott was always a strong advocate for social reforms including abolition, prison reform, and temperance, but her primary efforts were directed towards the cause of women’s suffrage.† (â€Å"Louisa† 3) In Rose in Bloom, Rose returned from a two year voyage overseas and decided that she was going to leave her mark in this world. She was a wealthy girl, so she used a lot of her money to open up homes for women and children in need. Rose too believed that women deserved an equal say in this world. â€Å"Her juvenile stories emphasize self-sacrifice and devotion to duty.†(â€Å"Louisa† 2) â€Å"Such novels have remained extremely popular for over a century† (â€Å"Louisa† 1) Alcott was a classic writer and she used her writing as a way to speak up for herself. Both Eight Cousins and Rose in Bloom can be considered almost auto-biographical, but her main story that related to her own life was Little Women, for which Alcott is most famous. Little Women was about four girls who went through their life experiencing different events along the way. When Alcott was writing, she received a request from her publisher to write a novel about a typical American girl. She was skeptical at first, but then agreed. Alcott used herself, as well as her three sisters, as her inspiration for the four main characters. â€Å"The heroine of Little Women, for example, is a rebellious young woman who strives for independence and personal achievement as a writer, but ultimately modifies her dreams when she gets married- a fact that has caused this novel to be regarded as antifeminist by some critics.†(â€Å"Louisa† 1) Although not all of the things that happened in the book happened to her, many of the events did occur in her own life. â€Å"A prominent theme in much of Alcott’s fiction is the conflict experienced by women who must choose between individuality and the bonds of family responsibilities and social traditions.†(â€Å"Louisa† 1) Alcott went beyond what was expected of her and chose to be an individual. She didn’t appreciate how women were treated, so she stood up for herself and used her books and writings to tell about it. â€Å"Her subversive sensational stories not only defied 19th-century values of womanhood, but also rebelled against the teachings of her father, Bronson Alcott, who believed in traditional ‘femininity’ and sentimentalism, in a search for human perfectionism.†(â€Å"Louisa† 2) Alcott truly used her life and feelings as her basis for writing, which is evident in her books. I believe that is why she turned out to be such a great writer. She wrote from her heart and wasn’t afraid to let people know who she really was. WORKS CITED Alexander, Lynn. Unsexed by labor: middle-class women and the need to work. bNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2011. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7008/is_4_22/ai_n32064431/pg_11/?tag. Ditchfield, Christin. Louisa May Alcott: Author of Little Women. Scholastic Inc., 2005. Print.

Dealing with various types of emergency procedures Essay Example for Free

Dealing with various types of emergency procedures Essay The following sets out the principles for dealing with various types of emergency procedures within schools is given as guidance only. Fire other emergencies In the event of fire other emergencies (such as gas leak, flood bomb scare) buildings need to be evacuated quickly but safely. In all schools there should be clear, detailed procedures on evacuation which must be displayed in each area of the school. These procedures should give information on: How to raise the alarm in the event of an emergency. What to do if you hear the fire alarm. The nearest assembly point – this may be a playground, sports field or even a nearby evacuation centre/safety perimeter following instructions from police. Registers should be available so staff can account for the safety whereabouts of all the children. The route you should take – this should include a plan of the route from each room or area of the school, detailing the nearest fire exits. No staff or children should be allowed to stop to collect personal belongings or put on coats. Must not re-enter the building until you have been informed it is safe to do so. Security There should be security in place in schools to minimise the risks to children. As a teaching assistant, you must know what these are follow the procedures at all times. These procedures should include: Security locks on doors. Signing in procedures/visitor badges (you should be able to identify all visitors to the school by badges. If unsure about someone you see on the school grounds, always report your concern to someone higher). Procedures for collection of younger children. Registration. Missing children While security measures should minimise the risk of children going missing, it is vitally important that you follow the school guidelines. As a teaching assistant, you may be asked to accompany children on school visits to supervise a group of children. All staff present on such visits should make regular checks that all children are present. Some schools may require all the children to wear hi-visibility vests or other items which make them easily identifiable during school outings. On discovering children are missing, you must take the following immediate action: Report to the teacher responsible. Ensure the presence safety of the other children by checking the register. Check all surrounding areas from where the child/Children have gone missing, whether it is in the school grounds or during an outing. Inform the child/children’s parents.

Hamlet Ophelia Shakespeare

Hamlet Ophelia Shakespeare Hamlet The Bad Shakespeares tragedy of Hamlet is considered to be Shakespeares finest tragedy. Throughout this play Hamlet experiences a variety of emotions however it is the emotions that are portrayed in Act III that define his character. Hamlet is presented in an unfavorable light based on his dealing with Ophelia, his mother and the killing of Polonius. In Act III Hamlets true personality came through and he was portrayed as a heartless person based on his actions with various characters. Hamlets dealing with Ophelia revealed that he was dishonest and was harsh in the way he spoke with her. Ophelia had confronted Hamlet about the letters and gifts that he had given her and he lied saying I never gave you aught (3.4.98). Hamlet later embarrasses her by telling her that he once loved her however he doesnt now. Poor Ophelia is ashamed and says I was the more deceived (3.1.122). Ophelia truly believed that Hamlet had loved her however he is now denying everything, including the letters and gifts that he gave her. Of course the abuse does not stop there. Hamlet tells Ophelia to Get thee to a nunnery (3.1.123) so that she wont breed more sinners and then chastises her for acting like a whore and painting (3.1.143) her face. Hamlet rebukes her saying that God has given you one face and you make yourselves another (3.1.143-144). Ophelia was disheartened that Hamlets noble mind is here oerthrown (3.1.150). Hamlet certainly showed himself to be offensive and harsh and his actions would hurt anyones feelings. Hamlets revenge on women certainly did not stop with Ophelia. The next woman to receive Hamlets wrath is his own mother, Gertrude. Gertrude called Hamlet to her room to try and find out what was wrong with him. However, Hamlet had decided that he was going to be cruel, not unnatural (3.2.370). Hamlet was going to tell his mother what he thought of her and was going to speak daggers to her but use none (3.2.371); he was going to be malicious with his words. Hamlet proceeded to tell Gertrude that because she had married her first husbands brother so quickly the heavens were sick at the act (3.4.52). She had married such a wonderful man and when he died she married Claudius and dropped from such a lofty position. Hamlet told her that she stewed in corruption, honeying and making love (3.4.94). Gertrude was so hurt by this that she begged that he speak No more (3.4.103). Hamlet yelled at her to Confess yourself to heaven. Repent whats past (3.4.151-152). Poor Gertrude could only respond that thou hast cleft my heart in twain (3.4.158); Hamlet had broken her heart. Hamlets tone and actions were so scary and erratic to Gertrude that she asked him if Thou wilt not murder me (3.4.22)? Hamlet is definitely portraying an individual that is heartless and without soul. An individual that has a conscience, self respect or dignity would never resort to terrifying their mother. Hamlets reign of terror ended with him killing Polonius. When Hamlet had scared his mother so much she called out for help and Polonius replied from behind the curtains. Hamlet said How now, a rat (3.4.25) and stabs through the curtain not knowing who was behind it. This would appear to have been an accident however when Hamlet realized that it was Polonius he did not show any remorse. Hamlet was expecting it to be Claudius behind the curtain however when he found out that it was Polonius he said I took thee for thy better (3.4.33; he thought it was someone more important. Hamlet then proceeded to call him a wretched, rash, intruding fool (3.4.32). Hamlet just killed a man and yet shows no grief or remorse over his actions. Instead he simply tells the rat that he got what he deserved. At the end of the scene he drags Polonius out of the room without dignity or care. In conclusion, Hamlet proved to everyone that he is truly a sinful person with no respect for human life or the feelings of others. Hamlet even referred to himself as proud, revengeful, ambitious (3.1.126). Throughout Act III Hamlet lied, berated and killed for his own benefit. These are not the qualities that someone of a positive nature would possess. The dealings that Hamlet had with Ophelia, his mother and the killing of Polonius prove that Hamlet is a negative force to be reckoned with which was clearly determined in Act III.

Free Essays - Importance of Listening in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Frankenstein essays

Importance of Listening in Frankenstein The monster says to Frankenstein. "Listen to my tale: when you have heard that, abandon or commiserate me, as you shall judge that I deserve. But hear me. The guilty are allowed, by human laws, bloody as they are, to speak in their own defense before they are condemned."(The monster, pg. 69) In Frankenstein, listening is an important theme that comes up numerous times. The novel is written in a framed narrative form, which allows for one central story to be relayed through other characters several times. The reader and Mrs. Saville are the first people who listen to Frankenstein's story through Walton's letters home. Walton listens to Victor's story from Victor, and Frankenstein listens to the monster's story. Each person has a message or warning that they need to relay to the other. They stress the importance that the other person listens as best as possible in order to understand the message they are trying to get across. Frankenstein emphasizes the importance of listening through a series of key characters. Mrs. Saville and the rest of society read Walton's letters which tell Victor Frankenstein's story. This is the outermost layer of the framed narrative format of the novel. Mrs. Saville is Walton's sister. He begins writing her letters on his mission to the Artic to let her know that he's okay. Then he comes across Victor Frankenstein and he records Frankenstein's story in his letters home. Victor's story is supposed to communicate a warning to society. The warning is to not become so wrapped up in the pursuit of knowledge that contact with other people becomes unimportant. Isolating oneself from society due to science is a common theme in Frankenstein. Victor and Walton both do this to themselves and Victor learned the consequences the hard way. In order to prevent others from making the same mistakes he did, he tells Walton his story to get it out in the open. Victor Frankenstein has been through a lot in his quest to create life. He was so wrapped up in his scientific studies that he isolated himself from his family and friends and society in general.

Elements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essay exam

Elements of Darkness in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In both Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness certain elements of darkness attempt to show how deep one must look inside themselves to discover the truth. Conrad portrays the idea of the darkness of the human heart through things such as the interior of the jungle and it's immensity, the Inner Station, and Kurtz's own twisted deeds. Coppola's heart of darkness is represented by the madness of the Vietnam War and how even to look for a purpose in it all; is itself quite mad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was no accident that a documentary was made on Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 film, "Apocalypse Now" entitled "Hearts of Darkness- A Filmmaker's Apocalypse" since the production of the film was something of a horrific journey for those involved. Throughout the production, the cast and crew were plagued by some serious problems. A typhoon that nearly destroyed the set, budget problems, suicide threats from Coppola, and Martin Sheen having a heart attack were just a few things that were faced during the filming. The descent into madness that went along with making "Apocalypse Now" mirrored the film's own themes and also reflected the themes of "Heart of Darkness", the Conrad novella that the film is based on. The theme of a journey into human darkness is something shared by both the film and the book but each tells the story in a different and unique way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The basic plots of "Apocalypse Now" and "Heart of Darkness" are very similar. Both films have a main character that makes a journey down a long and winding river to find a man name Kurtz. In the film the protagonist is a Special Forces captain named Willard, in the book he is called Marlow. The film seems to have a more dir... ... Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse [Film]. Showtime/ Paramount. Chatman, Seymour.   "Two and a Half Versions of Heart of Darkness."   Conrad on Film. Ed. Gene M. Moore.   Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Editor Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton, 1988. Coppola, Francis Ford (Director, Co-author). 1979. Apocalypse Now [Film]. American Zoetrope/ United Artists. Ruthven, K. K. 'Elements of Darkness: Conrad and Lawrence,' Critical Quarterly, x, nos 1& 2 (Spring and Summer 1968), pp. 41-6. Ed. C. B. Cox. Virtanen, Panu S. (1997). Apocalypse Now Tribute Page. Retrieved July 2nd, 1997 from the World Wide Web: http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/9067/apocal.html. Wilmington, Mike.   "Worth the Wait: Apocalypse Now."   Heart of Darkness, Norton Critical Edition.   New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1988.

The Styles In And Around Me :: Personal Narrative Golf Language Essays

The Styles In and Around Me My senior year in high school I was playing first man for the varsity golf. That honor was bestowed on me, because I was supposedly the best man on the team. Which just happened to be true. It was an honor that I truly enjoyed. But playing first man also had its drawbacks. The one that I will speak of here is the style of speaking that I had to use while playing in a tournament. It's the sixteenth hole of an eighteen hole tournament up in Roseau. There were two guys in my group that were ahead of me in score and I needed to get a stroke back really soon if I planned on earning a medal. I hit a good drive, right down the middle about two hundred seventy yards. With a hundred and fifty yards left to the pin, I grabbed an eight iron, because I knew that I could get it there. Something went wrong and the shot drifted to the right and missed the green. On any leisure round in the summer I would have screamed out obscenities until I was blue in the face. But that would cost me penalty stro kes, since it against the rule to swear in high school golf. Instead I softly let out an "Oh no, come back", but inside I was chomping at the bit to let out a cuss word. Golf talk, to me, is the lesser extreme of that style that I have inside of me. When I am playing hockey, a totally different style emotes from me. The style that I display in hockey is the exact opposite from the on that I use when playing golf. The on ice chatter that goes on between competitors is the reason for this. Hockey is not a gentlemen's game. So using a language that is meant to intimidate your opponent is very crucial. When I am skating down the ice next to some big lug I usually say some derogatory statement about his mother. Statements like these are meant rile the opponent, get him off his game. In the game of golf, I would never even think of using this type of tactic to beat an opponent. The different style of game also lends to a different style of language. In golf, if I leave a putt short, or something like that it usually gets a "darn" or "shoot.

Loreal Company Values and Culture Essay

The focus of this part of paper is on cultural aspects and values in L’Oreal Company. We will quote its ethical principles, which are very important for the company itself. In L’Oreal company we can distinguish core values, given as follows: passion for adventure, enrichment through diversity, leading innovation in beauty, striving for excellence and valuing individual talent. Thanks to its clarity into work ethics we can see how important for the company is innovation, entrepreneurship and creativity. These features make the L’Oreal company leader on the world market. The company includes just one business itself – beauty. This is the topic to which passion comes to and shows what cosmetics can bring to women and men: self-confidence, openness towards others and well-being. The passion for business, which is linked to culture and humanity. To create beauty products is about understanding others and anticipating their needs. Innovation is the second of the company’s core values. This feature is essential in such a topic as beauty because it requires all the time new products. Beauty canon changes so there is a need of a constant higher level of performance. L’Oreal understand the importance of innovation and research, it is making a lot of effort to expand its product lines covering wide variety of beauty products. Another value that is not less important than the others is open-mindedness. Listening customers, understanding their culture and benefiting from their differences are bare priorities, which respond to the infinite diversity of beauty trends around the world. They are inherent from company’s business and mission. Excellence is a value that is involved in every form in the business, in every country. It is expressed in a st ate of mind and a permanent aspiration to perfection. All teams in the L’Oreal Company share this desire to outperform and to be able to provide the best for their consumers. In order to create a high perceive value for its customers L’Oreal invests heavily on culturally adapted products. The main goal for L’Oreal Company is to deliver glamour to everyone. This is the feature that most of the customers identify with the brand. The ethical principles of L’Oreal company are: integrity, respect, courage and transparency. These principles build their culture, give rise the reputation and it is well-known by all L’Oreal employees. It is significant to obey these values because a company with smart ethical  rules is a powerful company which products you can trust (this attribute is the biggest competitive advantage a company can have). Thanks to these features L’Oreal benefit from high levels of client satisfaction and proud and motivated employees. Brands good name in the environment is growing and increasing shareholder loyalty. Acting with integrity is a key for the construction of trust and good relationships. Integrity in the relationship with company’s consumers means assurance that the advertising is based on proven scientific data. Also integrity in the relation to company’s business partners means observance to good governance practices to avoid any real or alleged conflict of interests. Integrity in the way of doing business is respecting the laws of the countries in which the company operates, maintaining high standards in accounting and reporting and fighting against corruption. Thanks to the company’s politics, the interests are never given by illegal or unethical practices. What L’Oreal Company is doing has a huge impact on many people’s lives. The organization shows respect to its customers by providing the specific products they are willing to buy. Because of high quality and relatively low price, which L’Oreal can boast, customers are happy and more eager to trust such a company. L’Oreal show respect to the consumers by recognizing that they are all different. By trying to avoid stereotypes and respond to their different needs, highly efficient products manufactured to the most demanding standards of safety and quality. For the multinational cosmetic companies is not always easy to act ethically. It sometimes means spending time and money needed to get the products that fit the company’s style and client’s satisfaction. L’Oreal show courage by facing up to difficult questions, listening others who may challenge them and creating a culture of openness and freedom of speech so that all employees feel comfortable to come up with new issues, ideas and questions. The last of the ethical principle is transparency, which means that the company must be sincere to international success. The justification of their decisions and actions is always trustful. Staff is often expressed as young and fresh, which means that youthful workers are one of the highlights in the company. Many of them are very ambitious and the fact that they are given responsibility in the early stages of their careers is a great advantage. With the after hour activities L’Oreal has a very wide social scene with regular sport and outgoing events such as football tournaments, comedy nights and pub trips. These attractions only strengthen the relationship between co-workers and surprisingly have an extreme effect on their future work. Moreover employees are offered with free products, free French lessons and discount gym memberships. This provides to spin-off benefits in the workplace – people are working harder and more efficiently because they know they can get extra remuneration not only in the form of money. L’Oreal realizes how fundamental the internal communication is to its operations. That is why there is a vast variety of communication-b ased training courses for staff including media relations, negotiation techniques, presentation skills and personal effectiveness. Another great idea that is extensively spread in L’Oreal is the freedom of speech. Employees are encouraged to engage in exchanges of opinion and to associate easily with people at all levels. As for the beauty company we can see that the majority of L’Oreal’s global workforce are women (63% of staff in 2010). More than 50% of them are on high positions, mostly managers. Moreover it is very important for the company the equality in employment and launching various activities to help ensure fairness in remuneration (it has signed deals with trade unions and delivered diversity training to many managers in Europe since 2006). For L’Oreal diversity is a priority. The company consists of 72600 employees, 126 different nationalities. People with different cultures bring a variety of styles, perspectives, values, beliefs and differences as advantages to the organization. The organization defines integration as a main clue to the success. It respects values and is proud of culture openness to ideas, innovation and creativity, which are  most important for a healthy and growing business. As Jean-Paul Agon who is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer say â€Å"Today we live and work in an increasingly diverse world, a world of individuals with different cultural and ethnic backgrounds, unique styles, perspectives, values and beliefs. A diverse workforce in all functions and levels enhances our creativity and our understanding of consumers and allows us to develop and market products that are relevant.† In L’Oreal Company the main benefit is that there are people working from all continents with different cultures, every person is ready to add something new from his or her perspective and different point of view thanks to which the company is all the time developing. Diversity is much more inspirational than any other aspect and because of that every year there are thousands of ideas transforming into new beauty products for the company.

An Investigation of the impact of staff motivation on organizational performance: A case study of comparing Primark retail store, Tesco Plc and ASDA Group Ltd.

Aim of Study The training aims to ascertain employee penury levels and its effect on organisational motion at the three sell stores. The circumstance related objectives atomic number 18To guess the completion to which the cheeks provide different need factors for its employees To test the kin amid employee penury and organisational writ of execution Rationale of correction Managers stimulate the responsibility of attaining organisational winner and competitive advantage through humans capital. They fanny do this by improve the motive levels of their employees (Wagner & Hollenbeck, 2010). The proposed hold im break up look for to engraft whether the focal point at the selected organizations has vest in place measures for increasing employee indigence to influence organisational death penalty.Background to the look for Topic/Literature Review demand want is a concept that is specify differently in publications. Some authors specify motivating as t he does where single(a)s localise on satisfy their perceived call for, individualized oddments, and basic goals and this activates human behavior (Guest & Conway, 2004). another(prenominal) definition is demand is a portrayal of the physiological adjoines that lead to stimulation and persistence of a voluntary military action that directed toward specialized goals (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008). Employees who atomic number 18 ca implement mint be easily spotted found on their dedication, enthusiasm, doing, and their contribution to the objectives and goals of an organization. Other authors observed that a motivated individual has aw arness of the particular goals that put up to be attained in particular ways and focus their efforts on attainment of these goals (Nel et al., 2004).Motivation theoriesVarious theories exact been proposed to explain the demand of employees in organizations. These include Maslows hierarchy of involve, and Herzbergs hygienics possibl eness, the apprehension theory, goal theory, and fair process concept theory.Maslows hierarchy of take assumes that the indigence of individuals is based on achieving a hierarchy of necessarily (Griffin & Moorhead, 2009). Specifically, individuals hit physiological, safety, well-disposed, egotism-importance esteem, and self actualisation postulate that have to be met in the flirt setting. physiological needs include shelter, clothing, food, and water and are at the bottom of the hierarchy of needs. safe needs involve protecting individuals from injuries in the accomplishment setting and providing work conditions that are stress free. Social needs have in mind meaningful interpersonal interactions in the workplace. honour needs are related to a persons disposition for competency, consummation, recognition, prestige, and status. Finally, self actualization entails an individuals desire in reaching the gameest potential. Maslow suggested that higher(prenominal) needs screw only be effectuate after those at the bottom have been met. Therefore, after employees have attained their physiological needs, they want their safety, social, self-esteem and self actualization to be satisfied in that order. Managers female genital organ offer air security, fringe benefits, and ante up to meet the security and physiological needs of their employees. To meet social needs, managers should promote team work in the organization. Concerning esteem needs, these can be met by the paying employees for high procedure with recognition and establishing bondages between accomplishment attainment and pay. Finally, self actualization needs can be met through repugn work, promotion opportunities, training, and indecorum in job performance.Herzbergs hygienics theory contends those individuals are motivated beca phthisis of job satisfaction in their work environment. This theory views that individuals are motivated when special(prenominal) motivators are found in t he work environment (Griffin & Moorhead, 2009). These motivators include advancement, ambitious work, recognition, growth, responsibility and fulfillment. In addition, the theory delineates needs related to the job context or environment. These factors comprise of interpersonal relations, security, status, continuous cultivation opportunities, organizational culture, working conditions, and organizational policies. However, these factors do not result in demand among employees but when they are absent in the organization, employees become dissatisfied with the work setting. base on this theory, a manager can motivate employees by ensuring that twain hygiene factors and motivators are available in the organization.The expectancy theory argues that the behavior of an individual is laid by outcomes based on the concepts ofexpectancy, instrumentality and Valence (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008). Valence describes the strength of an individuals preference for a takings or outcome for playacting a specific behavior. Expectancy is an individuals belief that a particular action get out lead to a specific final payment or outcome. Instrumentality explains the extent to which a person believes that specific performance levels leave alone result in the achievement of desired outcomes. Therefore, individuals are motivated to lean out specific assignments when they value the issues associated with the motion of the assignment. In this regard, if the outcome or reward of performance is very high, an individual get out be more(prenominal) motivated to coiffure the demand tasks to achieve the outcomes. This theory indicates that managers can employ various strategies to enhance pauperization among employees including setting achievable performance standards and crack the required support such as training to increase perceptions that employees effort volition result in performance. In addition, managers should link rewards given to employees to performance s tandards and the employees personal goals.The goal theory postulates that individuals are motivated to achieve challenging goals (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008). The theory contends that goals are vital in guiding the actions and responses of individuals. This theory places goal acceptance, specificity, and difficultness. finis difficulty describes the distributor point to which a specific goal demands a lot of effort. Thus, assigning goals with more difficulty leads to higher performance levels. Goal specificity is associated with an adequately defined target for directing performance. Goal acceptance is associated with the extent to which goals are genuine as legitimate by individuals. Therefore, goal setting results in higher motive as it allows individuals to focus their efforts in the required direction (Daft & Marcic, 2009). Managers can influence the want of employees through goal setting by providing feedback about the employees progress in achieving the goals and by linki ng incentives to the achievement of the goals (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008).Finally, the fair process concept theory deals with the degree to which organizational members perceive that the organization treatments them in a fair manner (Greenberg, 1993). This theory focuses on procedural and distributive arbiter. Distributive justice is related to perceptions of fairness in allocating rewards among employees. adjective justice is about perceptions of fairness in the procedures use in deciding reward allocations. Therefore, employees perceptions about the equity dimensions in allocation of rewards influences their pauperism levels (Greenberg, 1993). Therefore, employees can be motivated by honour them based on performance, using a performance appraisal system for accurately step the performance of employees, consistently using standardised standards for all the employees, and openly sharing learning on the organizations reward programs (Hellriegel & Slocum, 2007).Intrinsic and ext rinsic motivation Motivation of employees depends on both(prenominal) extrinsic and unalienable factors working together to improve the inscription of employees to task performance (Danish & Usman, 2010). outside motivation emphasizes external rewards including procedures and policy, awards, supervision, salary and fringe benefits. Extrinsic motivation has a great and fast effect on the level of motivation but it cannot be sustained for a longer period.However, intrinsic motivation places stress on internal rewards and deals with quality of the work setting. Therefore, intrinsic motivation is about rewarding employees for what they actually enjoy doing and has a measure effect on motivation levels. An organization can achieve intrinsic motivation by providing employees with challenging work and autonomy to enable employees to derive competence, achievement, and accomplishment from performing such tasks.The effect of motivation on performanceAn organization with a extremely m otivated hands is able to achieve its goals through the performance of work tasks by employees. It is suggested that motivated employees are highly inclined to be highly productive compared to those individuals who are not motivated (Chaudhary, Javed & Sabir, 2012). Khan (2012) completed a compulsory association between the performance of employees and their training and motivation and utter that organizations that want to enhance their employees performance should shorten on training as this motivates the workforce to attain higher performance levels. Frimpong and caramel (2009) observed that motivation among employees has a solid effect on productivity and that managers should focus on channeling motivation toward the achievement of both organizational and personal goals. The questioners concluded that motivational factors and motivation have a positive effect on the performance of teams (Frimpong & Fan, 2009).Another researcher argued that motivation is one of the main (prenominal) factors in the productivity of employees (Mullins, 2006). The author suggested that providing employees with comprehensible job goals, a supportive work setting, and the adequate skills are inadequate in themselves for ensuring that the job is performed and that employees should have adequate levels of motivation to exert the required efforts levels to the realization of the specific work objectives (Mullins, 2006). Other researchers discovered that employee motivation through recognition, benefits, promotion and payment leads to higher productivity (Khan et al., 2010). Indeed, Gana and Bababe (2011) established that adequate motivation of employees using appropriate incentives enhances their performance and in turn this take ins the achievement of organizational performance goals.In summary, this section has explored applicable literature on employee motivation and its effect on performance. Based on this, the proposed dissect result examine whether the case stud y organizations use different motivating factors to influence the motivation of their workforce and achieve higher performance. explore Questions and Methodology The research questions for this study forget includeWhich motivational factors are utilize in the selected organizations What is the effect of motivational factors on the motivation of employees in the selected organizations What is the restore of employee motivation on organizational performanceTo solution these questions, this study will combine both interpretivism and positiveness research philosophies. Interpretivism is concerned with intellectual the research participants subjective reality in relation to the study topic (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2007). Therefore, to bewilder knowledge about the motivating factors of employees at the selected organizations will involve collecting soft data from the employees. On the other hand, positivism involves considering social reality as sovereign from actors and de cimal methods are used in collecting data. Therefore, quantitative data in terms of a survey with managers will be cool and analyzed to square the relationship between employee motivation and organizational performance. Therefore, utilizing both quantitative and soft research methods will enable a more comprehensive and holistic approach to be used in investigating the study topic.Relevant information required and Data collection methods Both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected in this study. The qualitative data will involve interviewing 5 employees in the selected organizations to attend the motivating factors offered by major(postnominal) management in a way that is not influenced and controlled by the researcher (Patton, 2002). The interviews will be conducted using an interview guide with relevant open ended questions. Thus, interviewing the employees will ensure that important insights on motivation from the aspect of employees are acquired.On the other hand, quantitative data will be garner using a survey questionnaire administered to senior managers at the organizations. The survey questionnaire will have questions related to the motivating factors available in the organization and the extent to which managers perceive these factors as influencing different organizational outcomes.Accessibility, reliability, and validity and moral philosophy The participants for the study will be accessed by contacting senior management of the selected organizations via email to accommodate their permission to conduct the study. The senior managers will then ask the sampled employees to be part of the study. The confidentiality and anonymity of the participants will be keep by not revealing every identifying information in the data analysis. The results of this study will be valid and reliable as accurate measures of motivation and organizational performance will be used to collect quantitative data. The validity of qualitative data will be a chieved by capturing the actual meanings of the participants during transcription and analysis of data. Furthermore, the use of suitable data analysis procedures to acquire findings indicating the relationship between employee motivation and organizational performance will further establish the validity and reliability of this study.References Chaudhry, A., Javed, H., andSabir, M. (2012) The impact of transformational and transactional leaders styles on the motivation of employees in Pakistan, Pakistan sparing and Social Review. Vol.50, No.2, pp. 223 231.Daft, R., & Marcic, D. (2009) Understanding management. the States Thompson southernmost Western.Danish, R., and Usman, A. 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