Content Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Content Management Systems - Essay Example Examples of roles include author, editor, approver, publisher† (University of Wisconsin, 2007) 16 Pennington, L. (2007) Approaches/Practices: Surviving the Design and Implementation of a Content-Management System: Do the Benefits Offset the Challenges? Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 21(1): 62-73 27 This Project Report covers in details the subject I have chosen to cover, which is Content Management Systems. The business of supplying CMC systems is relatively young but a quickly growing technology that business are employing to handle their data repositories and web based content. Some of the areas that are expanded on from my Interim Report are: I decided to cover the subject of Content Management Systems because I have a lot of involvement with them (one in particular) in my career. A CMS is responsible for holding and maintaining the data for our Company Intranet. I have been responsible for testing these systems inline with the company’s technical architecture and ensuring a smooth integration with existing systems. My aim is to fully explain the purpose of CMS and highlight the different functionality some of these systems have to offer, I will look at some individual systems and give an analysis of their purpose and successes. As part of my report I will also cover the system, which I am most familiar with, Stellent. I will give an overview of the project I have worked on and the process I have undertaken in order to successfully implement such a system at work. Content by definition is ‘everything in a collection’, when we talk about Web Content (as we will throughout this report) we talk about the collection of information or data on a site. In the context of the Internet/Intranet, content is basically all the ‘stuff’ on your site. Good content provides useful information and/or direction for the user to

Despite Proctors Essay Example for Free

Despite Proctors Essay Another character introduced in Act two is Mary Warren. She is extremely important to the Act as she is what makes the connection between village life and the sentencing that is happening at the courts, and with the proctor household. She is the one who tells us that there have been thirty-nine arrests. When she first arrives in Act two we find that she has defied the orders of John and Elizabeth by going to the court. When told that she must not return she rebels using the excuse I am an official of the court. This is a fine example of how the hysteria of witchcraft has affected the everyday life in the community of Salem. Mary is a servant within the proctor household; she is paid nine pounds a year to keep the house. She is not in a position to rebel against the word of Elizabeth or John, and under normal circumstances would not do so. We know that this is peculiar behaviour because of Elizabeths reply to Proctor, when asked why she had let Mary go to the court. Elizabeth says She frightened all my strength away I forbid her to go, and she raises up her chin like the daughter of a prince and says to me, I must go to Salem, Goody Proctor. It is clear to us now just how much the affair between Proctor and Abigail influences the current events and the events that are to follow. Mary also plays another role within Act two; she portrays to us the amount of hate that Abigail holds for Elizabeth. When she reveals that she saved the life of Elizabeth in court, as her name had been mentioned among the accused. I saved her life today. She refuses to say by whom, I am bound by law, I cannot tell but it is obvious to the reader and to Elizabeth that Abigail Williams is the accuser. This shows Abigails malicious hate as by accusing Elizabeth she is striving towards an eventual execution. Elizabeth who is a smart woman anticipates this intense hate long before she discovers she has been accused and she says to John referring to Abigail and thinks to kill me, then to take my place. Another reason that proves Marys importance to Act two is that she illustrates to us the extremity of power that Abigail and the girls have. Throughout Act two Marys speech and stage directions imply a weak and feeble character. With a trembling decaying voice she has been edging towards offstage. It is apparent that she is constantly subject to the bullying of Proctor and that she gives into his bullying one hundred percent of the time. Yet in the last few pages of Act Two, Proctor, using violence is trying to persuade Mary to testify in court against Abigail to save his wife. Despite Proctors violent advances grasping her by the throat as though he would strangle her Mary sobs I cannot, I cannot. This shows Marys new changed belief that Abigail and the girls are more powerful and fearful than the man she has worked for and feared for so long. This event also marks the start of the loss of power John Proctor suffers from throughout the rest of the play. The Crucible plays host to many themes. The theme of tyranny (when a situation or person controls how you are able to live in an unfair way) is shown mainly by Abigails power over the girls, and their power over the people of Salem. By confessing to witchcraft, and publicly announcing their sudden devotion to God, and desperation to do his will, they give themselves great power over society. Abigails word becomes unassailable as does the word of the other girls. With this power they were able to control the rest of the Salem by fear. Another way in which Tyranny is shown is Proctors initial control over Mary. As she enters the scene she is greeted by Proctor with the words Ill whip you if you dare leave this house again. Mary is undoubtedly afraid of Proctor as he appears an extremely violent man to her. At the end of the Act Proctor uses violence yet again to get his own way, we know from Act three that she eventually does go to the court and testify. Another theme that is apparent in Arthur Millers The Crucible is fear. Every character in The Crucible is subjected to fear at some point within the story line, not just those who are accused. Those who are not accused fear that the sins of their friends and associates may taint their names and cause them to be found guilty of witchcraft: A key example of this is Parriss fear that the actions of Abigail and the rumours of witchcraft that surround his daughters coma will cost him his title as reverend. Those who are accused must face the fear, of being hung, they must also decide whether their fear of being hung, is greater than their fear of breaking one of the Ten Commandments by lying to save themselves. The different characters show their fear in various ways; the most interesting would be Proctor, whose fear is not for himself but for his wife. This differs from the fear of Francis Nurse and Giles Corey whos wives are also accused, as Proctor is having to balance the fear of the death of his wife, with the fear, or more the realisation that the death of his wife could be on his hands as she stands accused because of the malicious jealousy aroused within in Abigail when he finished their affair. He is also under pressure as he knows that he can put a stop to the girls accusations and save his wife by blackening his own name and admitting his lechery with Abigail. Proctor expresses this pressure with his line to Mary, My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your mouth but that goodness will not die for me! Another character subject to fear is the wife of John Proctor, Elizabeth. Elizabeth fears for her relation with John. Though they love each other very much their relationship has been scarred by the affair between Abigail and Proctor. She like Mary is also frightened of the power that Abigail possesses. As she knows that it is enough to condemn her to death. When she is taken by Cheever and Herrick we know she is scared as John says to her Fear nothing Elizabeth. and her next line is said (as indicated by stage direction) with great fear. Another character who is apparent to fear is Mary. From the moment she enters the scene she is subject to fear. First the fear of John as he violently questions her and makes to whip her Ill whip the devil out of you. Next the fear of incriminating herself or Elizabeth when Cheever and Herrick turn up at the house and she is called downstairs for questioning, and finally when she is once again being bullied by proctor to testify in court: here she is not only scared of Proctor but of what the girls and Abigail will do if she does turn on them. (in terror): I cannot, theyll turn on me

Cross-Dressing in Shakespeares Twelfth Night and As You Like It Essay

Cross-Dressing in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night and As You Like It In Shakespeare's plays Twelfth Night and As You Like It both of the lead female characters dress as men. Both plays are comedies and the change in gender is used as a joke, but I think it goes much deeper. A woman can become a man, but only if it is not permanent. The affect of the change cannot be too great because she must change back to female once everything is settled. They are strong female characters, but must become men to protect themselves and ultimately solve the problem of the play. In the book Desire and Anxiety: The Circulation of Sexuality in Shakespearian Drama Valerie Traub calls the characters, "the crossed-dressed heroine who elicits and enjoys multiple erotic investments" (Traub 17). They can only acts this way when they are dressed as men. They return to their passive and nonsexual ways when they change back to women's clothing. In both plays the women are not in their own lands, Viola being shipwrecked on a strange land and Rosalind being banished from the cour t and wandering in the forest. Both women disguise themselves as men for protection. On the way to the forest Celia says to Rosalind, â€Å"Now go we in content/ To liberty and not to banishment† (1.3.137-138). Liberty in this line is the freedom they get overcoming the restrictions of a female role (Erikson 22). Dressing as a man is the way the women protect themselves, but as the plays progress the roles they play as men begin to influencing their actions and attitudes. The definition of a man by what he wears is so strong that in Twelfth Night Orsino still refers to Viola as her male name Cersario even after he learns she is a woman and decides to marry her. "Cersario, come/ F... ...e roles are right. Men are manly taking care of their women by marrying them and women are in their correct roles under their husbands. Works Cited Erickson, Peter. Patriarchal Structures in Shakespeare’s Drama. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985. Greenblatt, Stephen general ed. Walter Cohen, Jean E. Howard, and Katharine Eiasman Maus eds. The Norton Shakespeare. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1997. Orgel, Stephen. Impersonations: The Performance of Gender In Shakespeare’s England. Cambridge: University Press, 1996. Traub, Valerie. Desire and Anxiety: Circulation of Sexuality in Shakespearean Drama. London: Routledge, 1992. Notes: More of the definition of a female’s role in Shakespearean England can be found at http://drama.pepperdine.edu/shakespeare/romeoandjuliette in the essay Female Sovereignty in Renaissance England.

Exploring Autism in the Movie, Rain Man Essay -- Rain Man Movie Film A

Exploring Autism in the Movie, Rain Man Autism is considered a unique disorder that affects 1 in 500 people. Autism impairs three main areas of human development: speech, communication, and social interaction. The trademark feature of autism is impaired social interaction. All impairments can range from mild to severe. Individuals with autism may lack speech altogether or only learn basic language specific to their needs. In the area of social interaction, the individual is often withdrawn from others. They lack the ability to comprehend facial expressions and the actions of others are confusing. Many individuals with autism lack interest in social interaction. There is a lack of imagination and a preference to engage in routines. Individuals usually find security in the routines, and become very dependent on them. What causes autism? No one is sure what causes autism research seems to suggest that it is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. There are no medical tests for diagnosing autism. A diagnosis is based on an observation of the individual's communication, behavior, and developmental levels. There is also no cure for autism. Evidence does show that early intervention has a positive outcome for young children with autism. Many adaptations can be made to a classroom to ensure the least restrictive environment for and autistic child. A few of those adaptations would be: daily routines encouraged social interactions, and alone time. If you are interested in autism, the movie Rain Man is very informative. Rain Man will provide you with an insight into the life of a man with autism. Rain Man portrays the life o... ... leaving caused problems in the relationship between Charlie and his father. Charlie's father carried around this guilt for not being able to care for his son and Charlie was never able to understand him because of this secret. There were quite a few adaptations made for Raymond. Raymond refused to take an airplane so Charlie had to drive across country. There were also certain parts of Raymond's daily routine that he could not manage without. To accommodate Raymond, Charlie bought him a portable T.V. and stopped each night so that Raymond could be in bed by eleven. There were other adaptations made, Raymond's bed had to be placed in front of a window and he would not travel when it was raining. Making the adaptations for Raymond is what helped Charlie to better understand and come to love his brother and his autism.

Wombats

The Wombats are an alternative rock band hailing from Liverpool, England. They played a gig here in Chicago at Park West venue back in mid September. From the delicately soothing and fun beginning of â€Å"Our Perfect Disease,† Matthew Murphy's vocals crawls into your head and whispers from a world of honesty most bands take considerable years to find. The Wombats word choice and vocal delivery roars with such raw and beautiful emotion that absorbs you in. This show was a show worthwhile.First, the venue was awesome, it was really intimate and allowed you to feel like you ere right there in stage with the band. Security did it's Job and was professional, and the venue had a great atmosphere. Usually at Park West, it tends to be fairly easy to find your way to the front, but this show, was quite impossible. In order to be up close, you had to be there really early. Also, knowing that the band is huge in Europe, I could not pass up the chance to see them live. One of the best pa rts overall, was the ticket price which was only nine dollars!The opening acts, Morning Parade and The Royal Concept were really good too, one of the best warm up bands I haw seen at a show like this. The Wombats really fed off the crowd's energy and seem absolutely, extremely stoked to be there. Most of the crowd was singing along throughout the concert and you could see In the band's grins that they had not been expecting this and were pumped to see the crowd so into it. Moms pits and crowd surfing have started during the show, which does not really happen at an Indies rock concert, but does anyway.It was one of the greatest experiences I had at a show. Audio and sound did not have one single difficulty. The band threw their talent out and are exceptionally great live performers. It Is honestly depressing now listening to their albums because of how great they are live. Not only did they play nearly every song off of their most recent album, This Modern Glitch, but they also playe d a good selection of songs from their first album, Gulled to Love, Loss, and Desperation.Last but not least, I tend to always pay attention to the stage production. The lights were fascinating and synced In very well with each song performed. There was not a single flaw, the band was lively and energetic, the singing was great, and so were the Instrumentals. These guys are fun, they will Joke ND take photos of you while they are up there performing. Towards the end of the show, the band performed one of their tracks, â€Å"Little MISS Bedspread. † The drummer played the drums, keyboard, and harmonica – simultaneously.Sounds Impossible, but not for The Wombats. After the encore, all three band members took dives Into the crowd and It was unreal. I personally, thoroughly enjoyed what The Wombats put Wombats By Christianizes crowd was singing along throughout the concert and you could see in the band's really happen at an Indies rock concert, but does anyway. It was one of the greatest ND are exceptionally great live performers. It is honestly depressing now listening to selection of songs from their first album, Guide to Love, production.The lights were fascinating and synced in very well with each song singing was great, and so were the instrumentals. These guys are fun, they will Joke show, the band performed one of their tracks, â€Å"Little Miss Bedspread. † The drummer played the drums, keyboard, and harmonica – simultaneously. Sounds impossible, but not for The Wombats. After the encore, all three band members took dives into the crowd and it was unreal. I personally, thoroughly enjoyed what The Wombats put

Whats Actually Tested on the ACT Reading section Skills You Need

What's Actually Tested on the ACT Reading section Skills You Need SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Just like the ACT has four different sections, the ACT Reading section has four different types of passages for you to read. This article breaksdown exactly what's on this section of the ACT so you can plan your best approach. First, let's consider how the ACT Reading section is formatted. Format of the ACT Reading The ACT Reading section asks 40 questions in 35 minutes. There are three single passages and one set of paired passages (usually either in the Prose Fiction or Humanities subject areas). Since there are four different categories of passage, this means 10 questions after each one. Each of these questions has four answer choices, A, B, C, and D. Since there are more questions than there are minutes, this leaves you with about 52 seconds per question. Actually, it will be considerably less since you'll be spending a portion of your time reading. This is a doable task, but you'll want to spend some time working on the best waysto manage your time. In terms of the entire test, the Reading section is the third section you do, right after you have a break. This can be really good timing, as the first two sections get you warmed up and then you have a quick break to refresh and refocus. Just like the order of sections, the Reading is consistent in what kinds of passages it presents toyou. Let's take a look at thesubject areas from which the passages are taken. Types of Passages The five passages on the Reading section always come from these four topic areas: humanities, social studies, natural sciences, and literary fiction. You're not expected to have any pre-existing knowledge about any of the passage topics. Everything you need to know to answer the questions will be there in the text. Since these topics can cover a largenumber of subtopics, this chart breaks it down a little more specifically, along with some examples of passage sources from sample ACT Reading questions that introduce passages and help you put them into context. As you can see with the Natural Sciences passage, the blurb might define any subject-specific words that you might need to know to understand the text. A typical social studies passage might be taken from a textbook, a natural sciences passage from an article, a literary narrative direct from a book, and a humanities passage from an essay or memoir. Passage Subject Subtopics Sample ACT Passage Introductions Social Studies anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology. This passage is adapted from the chapter â€Å"Personality Disorders† in Introduction to Psychology, edited by Rita L. Atkinson and Richard C. Atkinson (1981). Natural Sciences anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology. This passage is adapted from the article â€Å"How to Build a Baby’s Brain† by Sharon Begley (1997 by Newsweek, Inc.). In this selection, the term neuron refers to a specialized cell of the nervous system, and tomography refers to a method of producing three-dimensional images of internal structures. Literary short stories, excerpts from novels, memoirs, or personal essays This passage is adapted from the novel The Men of Brewster Place by Gloria Naylor (1998). Humanities architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. This passage is adapted from â€Å"A Poem of One’s Own,† an essay by Mary Jo Salter in which she discusses feminist literary critics’ recent reappraisal of women’s writing. The essay was taken from Audiences and Intentions: A Book of Arguments (1994). If you feel much more confident about reading about the natural sciences, for example, than about social studies, you might choose to locate that passage in your Reading section and do that one first. Some students skip around so they can answer questions about their favoritesubjects first. The questions are not ordered by difficulty, so it's fineto choose your own order, as long as you're not wasting valuable time trying to choose where to start. Now that you have a sense of what kind of passages you'll encounter, let's talk about the skills tested on the ACT Reading section. You'll need some different skills for the ACT Reading. Skills Tested on ACT Reading What skills do you need to bring to the table to understand and answer questions about these passages? According to the ACT, you must use referring and reasoning skills to accomplish the following: Understand main ideas Locate details within a passage and interpret them Interpret sequence of events and flow of ideas Make comparisons Understand cause-effect relationships Determine the meaning of words, phrases, and statements in context (these are usually straightforward, but may be used in an unusual or significant way in context) Draw generalizations Analyze the author's or narrator's tone and purpose These are all skills that you develop and improve upon in your English classes. You can further hone your skills by reading widely and often. The ACT asks 5 main types of questions in order to test these skills. I'll break down these 5 question types and give examples below so you know exactly what to expect and how you can prepare. Types of ACT Reading Questions The 5 main types of questions on the ACT Reading test these skills of understanding main ideas, locating details, and interpreting purpose and voice. Not only will you keep a close eye on what's directly stated, you'll also be called upon to interpret and analyze implied meanings. There's not huge leeway for interpretation, though - even seemingly subjective questions will only ever have one 100% unambiguously correct answer. Without further ado,the 5 types of questions on the ACT Reading: 1. Main Idea These questions ask you about the main point or theme of the passage. For example: The main point of this passage is to: A. illustrate the importance of genetics in the formation of a baby's brain.B. illustrate the importance of stimulation and experience in the formation of a baby's brain.C. indicate the great need for conducting further research on babies' brains.D. compare the latest research on babies' brains with similar research conducted fifteen years ago. 2. Detail These questions will often refer you to a specific line in the text and ask what it means. For example: The fourth paragraph (lines 31-37) establishes all of the following EXCEPT: A. that Abshu had foster brothersB. that the Masons maintained a clean house.C. how Mother Mason felt about the location of their house.D. what Abshu remembered most about his years with the Masons. 3. Vocabulary These questions will point you to a specific word or phrase and ask what it means or how it functions in context. These questions often point to a common word or phrase that might be being used in an unusual way. For example: As it is used in line 65, the termthe edge refers to a place where Abshu felt: A. most aliveB. unfulfilledC. defeatedD. most competitive 4. Function Development These questions ask you to describe the effect of a phrase, sentence, or paragraph in the context of an entire passage. Function questions tend to be about smaller amounts of text: For example: The narrator’s statement â€Å"I am looking at the MOON, I told myself, I am looking at the MOON† (lines 60–62) is most nearly meant to: F. reflect the excitement of the astronauts as they prepare to land.G. illustrate the narrator’s disappointment with the moon’s barren appearance.H. express the narrator’s irritation at having to wait for Apollo to land.J. convey the narrator’s awe at the event that is being broadcast. Development questions, on the other hand, will as you to think about larger ideas. How are ideas arranged within the passage? Does the passage introduce its thesis right away, or eventually build up to its main point? Does it offer countering opinions, or does each paragraph expand on the previous? For example: The last paragraph of Passage A (lines 37-49) marks a shift in the passage from: A. a description of events leading up to a sudden action by the narrator to a reflection on the intentions and meanings behind that action.B. an overview of a family dilemma to an explanation of how the narrator solved that dilemma.C. an example of the narrator's typical response to family events to an analysis of the narrator's personality.D. a chronology of a historical event to a summary of the narrator's circumstances at the time. 5. Implied Ideas These are inference questions. What does a line, paragraph, or the whole passage imply? For example: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that which of the following is a cherished dream that Abshu expects to make a reality in his lifetime? A. Establishing himself financially so as to be able to bring his original family back under one roofB. Seeing the children at the community center shift their interest from sports to the dramatic artsC. Building on the success of the community center by opening other centers like it throughout the stateD. Expanding for some, if not all, of the children the vision they have of themselves and their futures These examples illustrate the question types, but if you want to see the passages they refer to and understand them in context, you can read them them here, as well as try theremaining questions. To equip yourself with the tools you need to tackle these questions, you should study up on the literary terms you've learned in your English classes. Don't just study their definitions, but actively apply them to texts that you read, as you'll have to do on the ACT Reading. There's a big difference between knowing that tone refers to the attitude a work takes towards its subjects or audience, whether it be formal, playful, or condescending,and actually determining the tone of a given text. Let's touch on some other approaches and strategies you need toknow to excelon the ACT Reading. Tips and Strategies for the ACT Reading By knowing how the test works, you're already taking an informed approach to the ACT Reading and eliminating the chance of unexpected surprises on test day. You also want to plan your approach for reading the passages and balancing your time between reading and answering questions. Is it better to read the passage or the questions first? Should you read thoroughly or skim? You can learn more about the best approaches for ensuring your reading comprehension while making good time here. Your mindset plays an important role in your reading comprehension, too. If you can try to make yourself really interested in the passages and intrigued by the random information you're about to learn, you'll actually be able to read faster and retain more. Read this article for more tips on the best way to practice ACT Reading. The ACT tests your ability to recall information quickly and use evidence to back up your answers. The best way to practice these skills is through ACT Reading test prep with high quality questions and simply through reading extensively in and out of school. While this approach is more difficult to measure, frequent reading will make you a sharper and better reader over time. For more strategies for conquering the ACT Reading section, you can read alltheimportant tips from this perfect 36 scorer. Again, knowing exactly what's on the test is the first step in your preparation, so you're already making progressin your quest to conquer the ACT Reading. What's Next? The best way to prep for the ACT is with official ACT practice questions. Check out these 5 official printable ACT Tests, along with 6 strategies to get the most out of your studying. Are you aiming for perfection on the ACT, one section at a time? This full scorer explains how he got a 36 on the ACT and how his strategies can work for you, too. What ACT scores are you aiming for? Rather than just seeing what happens, you can take control by determining your target scores and following the test prep plan you need to achieve them. Read all about how to set your target ACT scores here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Daphnia Lab Report Essays

Daphnia Lab Report Essays Daphnia Lab Report Paper Daphnia Lab Report Paper A pipette was used to place the Daphnia with water on a glass slide. The slide was then placed under a glass microscope to be observed for the experiment. A tally counter was used to count the heart rates of the Daphnia when it was placed in warm water, under ice and in epinephrine. RESULTS When we experimented what the effect temperature has on the Daphnia heart ate, we started with an average control of 64 beats in 15 seconds. After placing the Daphnia in warm water the average heart rate went up to an average of 72 beats in 15 seconds, with an average increase of 12. 5%. When we placed the Daphnia over ice the average heart rate decreased to an average of 43 beats in 15 seconds, with an average decrease of 33%. When we experimented what the effect of epinephrine has on the Daphnia heart rate, we started with an average control of 73 beats in 15 seconds before adding epinephrine. When he epinephrine was added to our experiment the average heart rate increased to 83 beats in 15 seconds. , with an average of 14%. After the epinephrine was diluted from the slide the average heart rate returned to an average of 78 beats in 15 seconds, with a decrease of 7% from the heart rate with epinephrine. DISCUSSION After putting the Daphnia in warm water the average heart rate increased by 12. 5%. The average heart rate then decreased by 33% in cold water. This is because they are cold-blooded animals; therefore they cannot go through harmoniousness. Their body temperature rises and falls, along with its heart rate, depending on the environment theyre exposed to. After applying the epinephrine the heart rate shot up by 14% and decreased after being diluted in water by 7%. Epinephrine is adrenaline. On any animal adrenaline makes the heart rate go faster which brings us to our results. CONCLUSION With this experiment we saw the effects of temperature and epinephrine on a Daphnia heart rate. All three of my hypotheses were proved correct.

A Timeline of the War of 1812

A Timeline of the War of 1812 The War of 1812 officially began on June 18, 1812 when America declared war against the British. Known as Mr. Madisons War or The Second American Revolution, the war would last for over two years. It officially ended with the Treaty of Ghent on December 24, 1814. Following is a timeline of the major events that led to declaring war along with the events of the war itself.   Timeline of the War of 1812 1803-1812 - British impress approximately 10,000 Americans, forcing them to work on British ships.July 23, 1805 - British decide in Essex case that American traders who travel between neutral and enemy ports will allow for the seizing many commercial ships.January 25, 1806 - James Madison delivers report concerning British interference and impressment of sailors causing anti-British feelings to arise.August 1806 - American minister James Monroe and envoy William Pinkney are unable to resolve the major problems between the British and Americans concerning commercial shipping and impressment.1806 - The British blockade France; American ships are caught in the middle, and the British seize approximately 1,000 US ships.March 1807 - Thomas Jefferson receives the Monroe-Pinkney treaty but does not submit it to Congress because it represents a dismal failure for the Americans.June 1807 - The American ship Chesapeake is fired on by the British ship Leopard after refusing to be boarded. This creates an international incident. December 1807 - Thomas Jefferson attempts peaceful coercion of the British with his embargo, but it results in economic disaster for merchants.1811 - Battle of Tippecanoe - Tecumsehs brother (the Prophet) leads attack on William Henry Harrisons army of 1,000 men.June 18, 1812 - America declares war against the British. This war is known as Mr. Madisons War or The Second American Revolution.August 16, 1812 - the U.S. loses Ft. Mackinac as the British invade American territory.1812 - Three attempts are made by the U.S. to invade Canada. They all end in failure.1812 - The USS Constitution (Old Ironsides) defeats the HMS Guerriere.January 1813 - Battle of Frenchtown. British and Indian allies repel Kentucky troops in bloody fighting. The American survivors are killed in the Raisin River Massacre.April 1813 - Battle of York (Toronto). US troops take control of Great Lakes and burn York.September 1813 - Battle of Lake Erie. US forces under Captain Perry defeat a British naval attack. October 1813 - Battle of Thames (Ontario, Canada). Tecumseh is killed in a US victory.March 27, 1814 - Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Mississippi Territory). Andrew Jackson defeats the Creek Indians.1814 - The British plan a 3-part invasion of US: Chesapeake Bay, Lake Champlain, the mouth of Mississippi River. The British are eventually turned back at Baltimore harbor.  August 24-25, 1814 - The British burn Washington, D.C. and Madison flees the White House.September 1814 - Battle of Plattsburgh (Lake Champlain). The US secures its northern border with a huge victory over a larger British force.December 15, 1814 - The Hartford Convention occurs. A group of Federalists discuss secession and propose seven amendments to protect the influence of Northeastern states.December 24, 1814 - Treaty of Ghent. The British and American diplomats agree to return to the status quo from before the war.January 1815 - Battle of New Orleans. Andrew Jackson scores a huge victory and paves the way to the Wh ite House. 700 British are killed, 1,400 are wounded. The US only loses 8 soldiers.

Is commercial surveilliance in the UK effectively monitored and Essay

Is commercial surveilliance in the UK effectively monitored and regulated by the Security Industry Authority - Essay Example he local private security industry including a long list of approving licences to companies such as security guards, vehicle immobilisers, the key holders, private investigators and the security consultants including the licensing of manned guarding which includes cash and valuables in transit, close protection, door supervision, public space Close Circuit Television (CCTV) systems, and security guard. (Security Industry Authority, 2007) According to Sir Digby Jones, the Director-General of the CBI, the â€Å"Security Industry Authority will bring us a better regulated and professional private security services throughout the country as it welcomes the introduction of a new standards in the security industry†. (SIA and CBI, 2005: 2) Based on a recent survey on 500 British companies in 2005, almost 25% never spend money on security devices and 49% did not bother to come up with a contingency plan in case of serious crimes or other related activities that may harm the normal functioning of the business. (Culver, 2005) CCTV Operators came into effect all over England and Wales. (SIA, 2007b) With the new Security Industry Authority vision1, it is possible to reduce the incidence of crime, promote peace and disorder, as well as eliminate the fear caused by criminal acts throughout the United Kingdom. For the purpose of the study, the researcher has stated the research proposal as â€Å"to determine whether the commercial surveillance in UK, particularly the licensing of the heavily promoted of CCTV installations, is really effectively being monitored and strictly regulated by the Security Industry Authority or not† by conducting an intensive up-to-date literature review. Based on the research proposal, the researcher will define a list of specific research questions that are directly or indirectly related to the research proposal. Aside from the literature review, the researcher aims to conduct a separate research proposal by using related survey questionnaires. These

Recommondation letters for University application Essay

Recommondation letters for University application - Essay Example The results of the student’s assessment tasks have revealed that strengths in the areas of critical thinking, problem-solving, and thinking outside the box have been manifested effectively. On the other hand, there are still areas to be improved such as determining policy implications, which I am sure, could be developed through immersion to higher course modules. With innate enthusiasm and genuine interest on the subject, I am confident that Name of Student would continue to exhibit exemplary academic performance, in conjunction with the knowledge, abilities and skills gained in the course and in other course modules of the identified academic level. The objective evaluation and assessment of the applicant’s previous academic performance, as duly noted and acknowledged, would be highly appreciated given that future contribution to your academe’s mission and ideals would surely be mutually beneficial. It is one’s privilege to recommend Name of Student to the course currently being pursued from your academic institution based on the highly commendable academic performance exhibited during my course, the International Corporate Finance. Said student rose above the rest due to the consistency by which above average results in performance were exemplified. The student was observed to be highly focused on the theoretical concepts presented in the course module which resulted in meritorious ratings and scores. The results of assessment tasks ranging from the mid-semester test, a course project, and the final exam confirmed the dedication and amount of extensive time and effort placed on the subject. Students of this caliber have consistently proven that skills in time management, critical and analytic reasoning, and comprehensive understanding of financial theories assist in the applications needed for future endeavors. In this regard, I am sure that your institution would recognize that

Long term care Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Long term care - Case Study Example Rehabilitation centers also constitute an important part of long-term care facilities. Ethics, on the other hand, refers to the concept of right and wrong. Ethics involves the process of defending and applauding the perception of what is right and what is wrong. Ethics defines the best way for people to live to live and tells what should happen in particular circumstances. The whole concept of ethics is based on human morality. The concept of morality in long-term care facilities go hand in hand. There are, however, various challenges that have evolved in the process of ensuring ethics in such facilities. The concept of reasoning has been a problem in long-term care facilities, especially where the patients are mentally unstable (Ekland-Olson, 2015). Mental instability impairs thinking. The patients in these facilities, therefore, propagate immorality due to the inability to reason logically. Another ethical challenge in long-term care facilities has been the increasing populations in such facilities. The concentration of patients in a small restricted area has made it relatively difficult for the authorities to monitor morality. High population makes it difficult for immoral individuals to be traced. In the United States, care facilities are one of the institutional frameworks that need the establishment of morality. Morality in such institutions can be designed and sustained by increased monitoring of individuals and strict observation of legislated policies. Necessary legal actions should be taken on any staff who does not show morality in their profession (Fan, 2010). More long-term care institutions should also be established to control the increasing challenge of overpopulated facilities. Morality in long-term care facilities should be enhanced bot only for the safety of patients under such care, but also for the moral stability of the nation as a whole. Morality in such institutions should, therefore, be maintained at the highest levels

IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Essay Example Several designs were made to increase efficiency and power of an aircraft. It gradually has transformed in to a major economic activity from a mere pleasure ride that it was when it was initially invented. This essay would explore the entire transition of aircraft, from the time it was invented to the modifications it went through and the existing challenges it is facing as a result of globalization and other political and socio economic factors. History and Innovation: It has been quite some time since man flew for the very first time (in the year 1903). What an eventful journey it has been! Man had always wanted to fly and he made numerous attempts to achieve this objective. Alas! All his attempts went into vain, until one day when two brothers had actually built a prototype that could actually fly. The Wright brothers (Oliver Wright and Wilbur Right) observed the flight pattern of birds and they concluded that the air flowing over the surface of the wings created lift (Bernoulli’s Principle), and this helped the birds to fly. Now, if birds could fly, so could a structure that quite resembled a bird. This is how the initial work started. However, the only problem that posed a hindrance was â€Å"controlling the structure†. There were problems pertaining to imparting direction (left and right) and (up and down) to the aircraft. There were quite a few people who tried designing a solution to this particular problem. But the Wright brothers came up with an idea that was known as ‘Wing-Warping’. (Claxton, 2007: Pg. 97-100) The design was based on the theory that if one wanted to navigate the aircraft towards the left; the wings had to be ‘warped’ or twisted to create a slightly greater lift on the right wing. Similarly, when one had to turn right, the left wings could be ‘warped’. The brothers managed to devise something that is called the ‘3 axis control’. The concept of ‘3 axis control’ is still being used in the modern day

Business Communication Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Communication - Case Study Example A lack of central knowledge portal A communicative gap can be caused by inability of the employees and employers to find a common point and a common solution can be hardly found. It should be noted that a communication gap between different departments and regions is the result of invisible silos. Communication gap in the business world is often referred to differences of communication between men and women. The latter have changed their communicative strategies and reached incredible heights and leading positions in their companies. Credibility is hardly reached by women. They have to assure their business partners of their professionalism and well-developed skills. There are different communicative strategies among men and women, when the former play their communicative rules in accordance with well-established communicative strategies and the latter do not have those communicative strategies at all (Darling & Beebe 2007, p. 78). A lack of formal meeting structure It is hard to sol ve a problem of communication gap, especially when there is no formal basis for meeting and discussion of the employees’ concerns. Moreover, communication problems were even more intensified by the absence of the feedback system. The company tries to introduce their own communication improvement system, but taking different measures often fails. For example, there are â€Å"performance development reviews† as a formal tool between a manager and direct report. Personnel are concerned about their salaries, but there are a lot of those, who do not believe in the reliability of this strategy. Lack of formal Training It is evident that employees of the company are lacking of formal training. A relevant strategy is to improve communication in different departments, because implementation of innovations and changes is rather challenging for the company. A lot of flaws in the feedback system. It is also appropriate for the company to develop and promote a clear cooperation amo ng the employees. Managers of the company implement two basic approaches to foster communication in the company: laissez faire approach and traditional culture. Due to the conservative leadership practices in the organization, there are a lot of weaknesses in communication style of the company. Old views of the company’s leaders are preventive factors for innovative and creative thinking development of the employees. A presence of another leader, who is able to foster progressive thinking and policy of the company, is a great benefit for the staff (Johnson, Donohue, Atkin & Johnson 1994, p. 113). A modern approach is a strong background for development and innovations implementation in the company. A different background is a favorable factor for the company’s development. Employees are engaged in different activities and are promoting and increasing the Inglis Value of teamwork. No clear demarcation of responsibilities especially implementing operational change An imp ortant advantage for the company is the fact that the MD brought with him innovative elements from his previous company. This fact is appropriate for success and development within the organization, because Minsky and Martin (1998) claim: â€Å"first, the dissolution of  the hierarchical model of organization  has been accompanied by a changing relationship between the organization and the individual; individual contributors become the organization’s most valuable resource; contemporary organizations have highly permeable

IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Essay Example Several designs were made to increase efficiency and power of an aircraft. It gradually has transformed in to a major economic activity from a mere pleasure ride that it was when it was initially invented. This essay would explore the entire transition of aircraft, from the time it was invented to the modifications it went through and the existing challenges it is facing as a result of globalization and other political and socio economic factors. History and Innovation: It has been quite some time since man flew for the very first time (in the year 1903). What an eventful journey it has been! Man had always wanted to fly and he made numerous attempts to achieve this objective. Alas! All his attempts went into vain, until one day when two brothers had actually built a prototype that could actually fly. The Wright brothers (Oliver Wright and Wilbur Right) observed the flight pattern of birds and they concluded that the air flowing over the surface of the wings created lift (Bernoulli’s Principle), and this helped the birds to fly. Now, if birds could fly, so could a structure that quite resembled a bird. This is how the initial work started. However, the only problem that posed a hindrance was â€Å"controlling the structure†. There were problems pertaining to imparting direction (left and right) and (up and down) to the aircraft. There were quite a few people who tried designing a solution to this particular problem. But the Wright brothers came up with an idea that was known as ‘Wing-Warping’. (Claxton, 2007: Pg. 97-100) The design was based on the theory that if one wanted to navigate the aircraft towards the left; the wings had to be ‘warped’ or twisted to create a slightly greater lift on the right wing. Similarly, when one had to turn right, the left wings could be ‘warped’. The brothers managed to devise something that is called the ‘3 axis control’. The concept of ‘3 axis control’ is still being used in the modern day

Sports, Entertainment and Media after the 2nd World War Essay

Sports, Entertainment and Media after the 2nd World War - Essay Example By associating physicality with masculinity, certain sports/activities are labeled as either being masculine or feminine, depending upon the physical nature of the activity. Sports in which the use of body is forceful, dominating or aggressive, are considered fit for males because they are indicators of male power and thus, a definitive expression of physicality. But according to Lisa McDermott, physicality is suggested to be the complex interplay of the body perception, the agency and self-perception and is related to the qualitative understanding the lived-body as experienced and understood by the women when they are involved in sports or physical activities. To explore the meaning and significance the women derive from experiencing their bodies/themselves through these activities and the effects of these experiences greatly helps in shaping their understanding of their physicality beyond that of appearance in particular. By doing so she tries to help us understand the physical and social effect these experiences have on women in identifying themselves. In reference to the research carried out by Lisa McDermott; "Towards Understanding of Physicality, Within the Context of Women's Physically Active and Sporting Lives," this paper will examine female physicality in relation to sports and my chosen game; "Netball." It will discuss how society and media projects and labels certain sports only for males and how the females are subjected to unequal status as being physically weak. The paper will also look into the gender relations based on social and cultural norms. The last part will assess, to which extent; taking part in physical sport has changed the concept of female physicality, subjectivity and gender relations in relation to the existing social norms. Sports and gender Sports in the minds of many, is considered a "gendered" activity which reinforces male power. The stereotyping of the so called "biological difference" between males and females in the past w as used as the basis of exclusion of females from sport. Within the literature of sport sociology, we often find physicality linked with power related to physical power and masculinity. Even though the postmodern society holds out the likelihood of a post-gender society, gender as a system signifying differential values still exists (Firat, 1994) with sport such as rugby, football, ice hockey or boxing, and women still looked at as wives and mothers. An example in this respect is golf, where mothers on golf courses are more likely to be labeled deviant and asked to account for the care of their families than fathers on golf courses (West, Candace and Don H. Zimmerman, 1987). Although there are other sports which reflect physical strength and women are actively participate in them, but I'll discuss netball here in relation to physicality. Netball as a sport, which was earlier cited as only for females, entered a new era after the 70s when it began to be restructured into a profession ally administrated sporting organization and better funding.

People Love To Have Pets, But What Do Pets Want Essay Example for Free

People Love To Have Pets, But What Do Pets Want Essay There are many animals that would prefer to stay as far away from the indoors as possible! Even though some people keep their pets inside most of the time, they would much rather be outside living in their natural habitat. Many animals are covered in fur to protect them from cold weather and to keep animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits and mice is unethical treatment from humans when they would rather be outdoors where they were intended to live with other animals. There are those humans who simply don’t want to take their animals outdoors, and then there are others who enjoy caging wild animals, such as snakes, turtles, mice and lizards for their own enjoyment. It is unnatural for many animals who haven’t adapted to existing in an enclosed environment and it is unethical treatment against wildlife to hold them indoors, against their will. It is sad when you hear about people who mistreat animals and are careless to the pet’s desires of wanting to roam around in their natural habitat. There are occasions when animals are never allowed to go outdoors and are strictly kept in cages and fed manually by the pet owner. â€Å"We humans create homes that feel, smell, sound and look good to us, not our cat,† Ingrid Newkirk explains in her book, â€Å"250 Things You Can Do To Make Your Cats Adore You. † The author relates that our pets are not always comfortable and happy just because we are. We need to consider the comfort of every pet.

Asian Currency Crisis Causes and Effects

Asian Currency Crisis Causes and Effects Introduction One of the key characteristics of money is stability, however a currency crisis is said to occur when the value of a countrys currency becomes unstable and changes rapidly thereby undermining its ability to effectively serve as a medium of exchange. The Asian currency crisis was a period of financial meltdown which began in July 1997 and gripped the major proportion of East Asia. It remains one of the most talked about region-wide crisis in the 1990s, the sharpest to hit the developing countries, which resulted in a massive downward spiral of Asian economies hitherto seen as miracle economies and prompted the largest financial bailouts in history.(Radelet and Sachs 1998) This paper will examine the origin of the crisis, its impact on the economies of the countries involved and the measures that have been adopted to avoid a recurrence of a similar crisis. ORIGIN OF THE CRISIS Upon mutual agreement, based on the plaza accord (1985) between the US, Germany and Japan, the US dollar was devalued by about 60% to the Yen in real terms in order to alleviate the increasing US current account deficit. Japanese firms facing export competitiveness due to the appreciation of the Yen began to move production to south East Asian countries whose currencies were pegged to the dollar. This provided an ideal location for the Japanese firms in terms of international price competiveness. This inflow of investment from Japan to the South East Asian countries accelerated a pattern that led to large inflow of capital from other Asian and foreign countries into the East Asian countries. The fixed exchange rate system gave the south East Asian economies strong exports, low import prices and expected financial stability. For years, East Asian Countries were held up as economic icons. Their typical blend of high savings and investment rates, autocratic political systems, export-oriented businesses, restricted domestic markets, government capital allocation, and controlled financial systems were hailed as the ideal recipe for strong economic growth of developing countries (Shapiro 1999). Asian economies like Taiwan, Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Thailand enjoyed overall average growth rates of 5.6 percent, 6.6 percent, 7 percent, 6.9 percent and 4.6 percent respectively for several decades. Indonesia and Malaysia too enjoyed good economic performance during most of the 1970s and 1980s. (Rao, 1998) However, these miracle economies were brought down in July 1997 when a brewing currency crisis started from Thailand. This seed of the Asian currency crisis of 1997 were actually sown during the previous decades when these countries were experiencing unprecedented economic growth. For long, exports had long been the engine of economic growth in these countries and as such many Asian states were regarded as Export Power Houses. The increased foreign capital inflow into these economies also propelled capital expenditure which led to an investment boom in commercial and residential properties, industrial assets and infrastructure. These capital expenditures were financed by heavy borrowings from banks which had excess liquidity but no strong regulatory frameworks. Thus, by the mid 1990s, South East Asia was experiencing an unprecedented investment boom, much of it financed with foreign investments and borrowings. The case was made worse as much of the foreign borrowings had been in US d ollars as opposed to local currencies. At the time, this had seemed like a smart move (i.e. regional local currencies were pegged to the dollar and interest rates on dollar borrowings were generally lower than rates on borrowings in domestic currency, and it made economic sense to borrow in dollars if the option was available); but, many of the investments made with these funds were on the basis of projections about future demand conditions that were unrealistic. Soon, there were indications of macroeconomic imbalances in the Thai economy; the real exchange rate had risen to an apparently unsustainable level and the current account was also in constant huge deficit. Rao (1998). Also, Asian Countries started to see their ballooned volume of investments during the 1990s declining significantly. Paul krugman (1999) stated the Asian countries attracted so much foreign capital that their economic growth was fuelled more by sheer volume of investment rather than by the productivity of those individual investments. Therefore the governments in the region could not maintain their dollar peg and their currencies started to depreciate against the dollar, this increased the size of the debt burden that needed to be serviced when measured in local currency. This started the debt boom. A final complicating factor was that by 1996, there became a slackening of export growth which was much noticeable in Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan, while in Thailand there became a decline in the dollar value of exports. This decline in export did not stop growing import and this disparity saw many south Asian countries shifting strongly into the red during the mid 1990s. By 1995, Indonesia was running a current account deficit that was equivalent to 3.5% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Malaysias was 5.9% and Thailands was 8.1%. With deficits like these starting to pile up, it was becoming increasingly difficult for the governments of these countries to maintain the peg of their currencies against the U.S dollar. Thus by 1997, the first obvious indication of the crisis started with the Thai economy. Thailand could no longer defend their currency and therefore floated the baht on the 2nd of July 1997. (Rao, 1998). Prompted by these developments in Thailand, investors saw basically the same issues facing Thailand surfacing in other neighbouring countries. As a result, investors panicked; their fears were not allayed especially because of lack of transparency regarding issues such as the extent of government and private debt, the health of the financial sectors and no trust in the government to take pre-emptive corrective actions. This led to massive capital flight. The withdrawal of foreign currency led to dramatic depreciation in exchange rate and higher interest rates. This led to an increase in the number of non-performing loans, causing an erosion of the market value capital of most of the countries. Thus, the scene was now set for a potential rapid economic breakdown. There is no consensus on the exact origin of the currency crisis in East Asia; while some schools of thought believe that the crisis was caused by the initial financial turmoil in some Asian countries, followed by regional contagion (Radelet and Sachs, 1998; Marshall, 1998; and Chang and Velasco, 1999), others believe it occurred as a result of policy and structural distortions (Corsetti, Pensetti and Roubini; 1998). However, most of the East Asian economies were interdependent, hence it was only logical that a crisis in one would have a domino-effect and inadvertently cause a crisis in other East Asian Economies that were linked to it. Warning Signals during the 24 Months prior to the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, Months of Lead Time, and Performance Measures. Number of Warning Signals and Months of Lead Time (in parenthesis) Optimal threshold percentile Indonesia Korea Malaysia Philippine Thailand Singapore Noise to signal ratio Conditional crisis probability (%) Share of crisis predicted (%) Overall Composite Index 88 7(11) 9(10) 13(13) 10(11) 10(10) 0(10) 0.137 77 83 Current Account 90 7(11) 11(16 13(13) 11(11) 16(16) 0(0) 0.136 77 83 Capital Account 90 1(23) 0(0) 2(3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.288 62 63 Financial Sector 90 0(0) 0(0) 2(3) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.313 60 67 Real Sector 90 2(2) 9(14) 0(0) 2(10) 4(13) 0(0) 0.322 53 31 Global Economy 80 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.540 46 75 Fiscal Sector 87 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0.540 46 46 Source: ERD Working Paper No.26 Using a Signalling approach based EWS model, it shows that persistent warning signals prior to the 1997 crisis was not just in a few but all of the five countries most affected by the crisis. The findings of this model supports the fact weaknesses in economic and financial fundamentals in these countries triggered the crisis. The Impact of the crisis on the Economics of the countries involved. As Thailand floated the baht on July 2 and allowed the currency to fall, wave after wave of speculation hit other Asian currencies, a de-facto devaluation of the Philippine Peso followed on July 11. Korean Won too lost. Malaysia let its currency, the ringgit float on July 14th 1997, as foreign exchange reserves had gone down to $ 28 billion. Singapore followed on July 17th and the Singapore dollar (S $) quickly dropped in value from $1 = S $ 1.495 prior to the devaluation to $1 = 2.68 a few days later. A month later on August 14, Indonesia floated the rupiah. This was the beginning of a precipitous decline in the value of the Indonesian currency as a fall was seen from $1 = 2,400 Rupiah in August 1997 to $1 = 10,000 Rupiah on January 6th, 1998, a loss of 75% (Rao, 1998). Source: DataStream The Chart (above) shows the monthly evolution of the currencies of the eight South-East Asian countries during the crisis from July 1997 to April 1998. The Five countries where the crisis where particularly serious (Figure 1A) saw more decline in their currencies than countries in Figure 1B even though all countries shown were affected.ÂÂ   The economy of Thailand where the crisis started from suffered a real sharp decline. Total export earnings declined and a trade deficit rose to $ 16 billion. With the deficit standing at over 8 percent of GDP and its financing largely coming from short term funds; the external debt of Thailand rose to $68.1 billion. The non-performing loans of banks and finance companies in Thailand were estimated to be around 12 percent of total loans in mid 1997. The Thailand economy was also plagued by a deteriorating external sector, a stock market decline (the stock market index fell from 1683 in 1993 to below 500 in1997) and most importantly dwindling forex reserves. A decline in investment saw the closure of investment houses which resulted in immediate unemployment rates of between 6 and 10 percent (Rao, 1998). The Indonesian economy also suffered a set-back which included growing current account deficits due to lack-luster export growth and mounting debt service. Loss of confidence in Indonesia led to a series of attacks on the currency. In the second half of 1997, the rupiah fell by 72 percent against the dollar which had an adverse effect on the Japanese, European and US banks that lent billions of dollars to Indonesian companies. According to Witcher (1998), the Indonesias financial system started to stagger under escalating bad loans. Indonesia sought help from the IMF, they agreed to provide them with loans estimated at $40billion and in return demanded that Indonesia keeps interest rates high and immediately close 16 banks. The news of bank closures led to panicked withdrawals by depositors and investors. As Stiglitz(1998) and Yellen(1998) discussed; due to limited information, investors were unable to distinguish which banks were healthy or not so they shied away from them all; this caused more havoc to the economy. The crisis quickly spread to the real sector. The real gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by 13% in 1998 and remained stagnant in 1999. Real output declined by approximately 14% in 1998. The Indonesian economy thus went into a recession with falling GDP in 1998. It also had a weak economy that was composed of falling domestic demand and company closures which meant rising poverty and unemployment. . Unemployment which was historically no more than 3 to 4 percent hit a 10 percent level in 1998 with around 8.7 million people jobless. The impact of the crisis on welfare and the economy as a whole was mostly reflected in the poverty rate which rose from 15% in 1997 to 33% in 1998. The contagion effect soon caught up with South Korea, a country whose economic performance was spectacular compared to other Asian countries. However, the won began to depreciate from late August 1997 and gathered momentum by October. From about 900 won to the dollar in early August, the exchange rate plummeted to about 1200 by the end of November. The ratio of debt reserves rose during 1992 1997 (Rao, 1998). In January 1997, Hanbo Steel collapsed under a $6 billion debt. This was the first Korean Chaebol to go bankrupt in 10 years (Chang,1998). In the wake of this, the Korean shares declined in value by 25.2% at the end of 1997. Balance in trade declined from a surplus of $7.6billion in 1987 to a deficit of $20.6billion in 1998. GDP per capita fell and Unemployment rate naturally rose to 5.9 percent in February 1998 and started to climb up from there (Rao, 1998). The Philippines Economy faced a significant currency crisis, the peso fell significantly from 26/US $ to even 55/US $. The GDP growth rate dropped from 5.1% in 1997 to -0.5% in 1998. GNP hovered at 0.1% in 1998 compared to 7.2% in 1996 and by the fourth quarter of 1998, growth of investments had declined to -23.9%. In Hong Kong, the economy saw the collapse of the Hong Kongs stock market (with a 40 percent loss in October). On October 27 1997, the market rout on Wall Street was preceded by a 5.8 percent plunge in the Hong Kong stock market which snowballed through the worlds developed and emerging stock markets. Most markets in the Asia-Pacific region tumbled in sympathy, with Australia down 3.4 percent and Tokyo down 1.9 percent. Below is a graph showing the evolution of the Asian stock markets during the financial crisis of 1997- 1998. Source: Morgan Stanley International Capital (MSCI). Figures 2A and 2B (above) show the monthly evolution of national stock price indices (expressed in US dollars) for these same eight countries and during the same period of time. The finding shows a consistent close relationship between exchange rate depreciations and stock returns during the crisis. (Bailey, Chan and Chung (2001).) Japan was also affected because its economy is prominent in the region. Asian countries usually run a trade deficit with Japan because the latters economy was more than twice the size of the rest of Asia together; about 40 percent of Japans export go to Asia. However, even with this, the Japanese was finally shaken as their yen fell to 147 when mass selling began; Also, with the collapse in the value of the Japanese stock market, the value of assets also plummeted, leaving the institutions with a diminished asset base and an increased portfolio of non-performing loans. The GDP real growth rate slowed dramatically in 1997, from 5% to 1.6% and even sank into recession in 1998. In a relatively short period of time, the crisis currency crisis shock was spread even beyond Asia. The USA market (the Dow Jones industrial) plunged 554 points or 7.2%. The New York Stock Exchange briefly suspended trading; this was accompanied by plunges of 15 percent in Brazil, 13.7 percent in Argentina and 13.3 percent in Mexico. Europe also had the impact of contagion effects, Markets like London fell 2.6 percent, while Germany, France and Italy all shed 2.8 percent. Smaller markets like Finland plunged 5.7 percent, while Spain skidded 4.1 percent. Russia became the major non-Asian victim of the financial contagion. By mid 1998, investors began to perceive systematic weaknesses of the Russian economy which was similar to Asia; therefore they began a steady withdrawal of their capital from the economy. By midsummer 1998, it became apparent that Russia was struggling to maintain an exchange of roughly 6 rubles to 1 dollar at the time. Their central bank reserves began to dwindle. Despite the loan package and the pro-market administration, the international investment community lost faith in Russia and rushed for the exits. On August 15th 1998, the rubble was allowed to float and the Russian stock market lost 25% of its value. The Measures that have since been adopted to avoid recurrence of a similar crisis. After the slow down of the Asian Currency Crisis of 1997, the regions former economic tigers had to mete out some conditions and policies towards a sustainable Asian economy that would be able to withstand any financial turmoil and consequently avoid the recurrence of a similar crisis. These regionss heavy weight also had to accept the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditions in order to stay afloat although the IMF had never dealt with a crisis of this magnitude and was met with stiff hostilities; the IMF prescribed tough conditions and measures that contributed immensely to considerable long term gains for the Asian Economics (Lakhan, 2007) One of these conditions were policies involving the Macro-economy. The tightening of monetary policy (at different stages in different countries) was necessary to stem exchange fluctuation, to prevent currency depreciation from leading into a spiral of inflation and into the eventual collapse of the exchange rate. Some countries like Thailand, South Korea, Philippines and Indonesia switched to improved credible policies that involved their exchange rate system. These countries adopted the inflation targeting policy which implied greater transparency and accountability instead of exchange rate as an anchor for monetary policy. Inflation targeting also allowed for the attainment of stable development of their economy through the establishment of credible and reputable central bank; as these central banks set inflation targets and implemented monetary policies committed to the achievement of targets. They also made monetary policy decisions based on overall judgement of the economy by k eeping constant watch not only on immediate price movements but also on trends of demand and supply factors in the domestic economy, exchange rate movements and overall movement of the international economy. The effects from this policy adopted inflation targeting contributed largely to stabilizing the monetary and economic environment after the currency crisis (Tomoko, 2002). A typical example could be seen in South Korea. After the Crisis, South Korea revised the Bank of Korea act to introduce inflation targeting in 1998. Since its introduction, South Koreas inflation targeting has played an appreciable role in stabilizing the countrys economy. In particular, the introduction of inflation targeting has secured the independence of the Bank of Korea in monetary policy and drastically enhanced the transparency of monetary policy. Affected countries of the crisis also embarked on their financial system stabilization to avoid any similar recurrence of the debilitating financial crisis. These measures ventured into the areas of liquidity support for troubled banks in question, deposit protection measures through a deposit insurance co-operation to prevent systemic risk arising from the spread of credit uneasiness, boosting capital base through capital injections from public funds and prompt disposal of non-performing loans by a third party organization (Resolution and Collection Company in the case of Japan and asset management companies (AMC) in the case of Asian countries). The four countries where the financial crisis was particularly serious (Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia and Indonesia) injected public funds into financial institutions often with government assistance. They also went into the act of promoting the consolidation of financial institutions by closing or suspending operations of banks with do ubtful chances of survival, temporarily nationalizing them or merging them. They established an asset management company to purchase non-performing loans Thai Asset Management Corporation (TAMC) in Thailand, Danaharta in Malaysia, Korea Asset Management Company (KAMCO) in South Korea, and Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) in Indonesia (Lindgren et al, 2000) Although the system of the companies or organizations varied from one country to another, they all similarly purchased non-performing loans at about market prices and disposed the assets selling by tender or by means of securitization. At present, they have disposed of about 50~70% of the assets. Thailand for example, had finance companies (non-banks) that had been suffering from business difficulties even before the currency crisis and the Thai government had been providing liquidity support to them. After the crisis, the government improved its classification standard for non-performing loans to conform to the international standard and strengthened write-off standards. It also nationalized commercial banks, injected capital and reorganized them. As a result, the number of commercial banks decreased. Thai commercial banks non-performing loan also later decreased dramatically due to agreements on debt restructuring as well as transfer of non-performing loans to the TAMC and write-of fs. As a result, the non-performing loan ratio dropped to 19.2% as of the end of March 2001 and capital adequacy ratio stood at 12.01% as of December 2000 (A ratio higher than the BIS standard) (Montes, 1998). Structural reforms were also adopted in the areas of banking supervision and regulation in order to forestall the kind of financial system instability caused by the crisis and to minimize the effect. These reforms were also necessary to address the weaknesses in the financial and corporate sector as these features had become impediments to growth such as monopolies, trade barriers and non transparent corporate practices. Based on this recognition, the IMF and the World Bank jointly began monitoring the international standardization and observance of standards to maintain the soundness of financial systems by introducing the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) in 1999. Under FSAP, the IMF and the World Bank assess the observance of banking supervision and regulations implemented by each countrys financial supervisory authorities, promote observance of international standards, and recommend the best practices. These acts which have been entrenched in continue to globalize the A sian economy (Lindgren et al, 2000). Rehabilitative measures were also extended to private corporations and financial institutions in the Asian countries as these institutions were also hit by the currency crisis largely because they had a superficial understanding of the need for exchange risk hedge, as their currencies were virtually pegged to the dollar. It was for this reason that the debt burdens caused by the mismatch of currencies increased during the crisis, bringing a serious impact on the economy as a whole. Thus after the currency crisis, there was a shift to a floating exchange rate system and this pushed private corporations into recognizing the importance of hedging against exchange risks. In South Korea, the government conducted a campaign appealing for the need for exchange risk hedges. Some other countries established a financial supervision system to check if foreign currency-denominated debts are hedged against exchange risks. Thanks to these policy efforts, the number of private corporations hedging against exchange risks increased drastically and the response capabilities of the economy as a whole to exchange fluctuations have been strengthened (Lindgren et al, 2000). A stronger and unified Regional Financial and Multilateral Co-operation in East Asia was also adopted and this has proven to be an effective buffering against the occurrence of future crisis Although regional financial cooperation in East Asia did exist even before the crisis, such as Executives Meeting of East-Asia Pacific Central Banks(EMEAP), a forum of central banks and monetary authorities in the East Asia and Pacific region established in 1991; the event of the Asian currency crisis proved more glaring that the countries in East Asia had a much more economic interdependency than was previously realized. This forced a fostering of a much stronger regional financial and multilateral cooperation. This co-operation in Asia was promoted in various forms, such as the New Miyazawa Initiative incorporating a comprehensive support measures, including a 30 billion dollar financial support scheme, announced in October 1998; the Chiang Mai Initiative (CMI), a swap arrangement mechanism to support those countries in potential danger of a currency crisis and the Asian Bond Market Initiative (ABMI) to avoid high dependence on the external financial market and use regional resources more efficiently (Naoyuki Yoshino et al, 2000) In addition to the development of a regional crisis-prevention mechanism, Asian countries started to co-operate especially in trade relations. This inadvertently resulted in a much more stable policy for exchange rates between the Asian currencies. With the increased unification that came as a result of the push for a stronger and unified regional financial and multilateral co-operation in East Asia, there became a rising sense of Asian identity culminating into the speculation of an introduction of a regional common currency in the future (Naoyuki Yoshino et al, 2000). The finance ministers of China, Japan, and Korea agreed at the ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers Meeting in 2006 to conduct joint research on monetary integration in East Asia. The motion put forward in 2006 helped to create grounds for the much talked about Chinas global strategy approach which started making head way in 2010. Now, China is beginning to emerge as the new and dominant world power, buttressing this, is the recent widespread awareness and circulation of the Chinese currency (renminbi). These co-operation measures adopted in Asia also extended as a forum for economic co-operation (such economic co-operation was seen to be displayed in the widely acceptance of the Chinese currency renminbi by the other Asian countries). This economic co-operation by these Asian countries arguably challenges the American hegemony. It also proves a strong force towards the elimination of any future financial crisis that might occur as the initiatives and discussions on intensifying monetary and fi nancial cooperation has reached a far end spectrum (Naoyuki Yoshino et al, 2000). From 1996 2000, there have been a resurgence of economic growth across the Asian region. Countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea and the Philippines have averaged almost 5%. CHARTS SHOWING THE EFFECT ON THE AFFECTED COUNTRIES AFTER THE MEASURES HAVE BEEN ADOPTED. From the chart above, it can been seen that after the rehabilitative measures were meted out, corporate balance sheets in Asia improved as debt-to-equity ratios have been reduced sharply and foreign currency borrowing is no longer a large component of the corporate sources of funding. From the chart above, it can be seen that low loan-to-deposit ratios together with little off-balance-sheet financing, have helped banks avoid liquidity and funding stress in the current credit turmoil. Thus, Banks are stronger with current account surpluses and large foreign reserves. Compared to United States and many European countries, Asian economies have relative modest property price appreciation (see Chart 5). Asian countries have taken measures to cool property markets in recent years whenever prices threatened to become a bubble. As a result, property price crashes in the wake of slowing economic growth and financial market turmoil have been less of a risk. Conclusion: Although, the Asian currency crisis was fuelled by sheer weak economic and financial fundamentals including macro- economic imbalances, which created a contagion effect for the other countries involved. However, with the measures now adopted, it is obvious that the Asian economies have now been strengthened and would continue on that path.

Education in Victorian England Essay -- European Europe History

Education in Victorian England Monitorial System In the Monitorial System, there was no direct instruction from the teacher. This was, in fact, one of its greatest selling points in the late 1700's; it was incredibly economical. There could be as many as 500 students under one teacher. The teacher selected a few older students(10-12 years old) to act as monitors who, in turn, were responsible for instructing small groups of students, the teacher acting as supervisor, examiner, and disciplinarian. Work was minutely subdivided and learned by repetition. When a group had learned one subdivision of information, they were tested by the teacher before passing on to the next section. There was a complicated system of promotion and censure, both within the small groups and between groups. Unusual successes or lapses were rewarded with small honors or humiliations: laps of honor" around the school by those to be promoted, rewards of half-pences, dunce's caps, and signs worn around the necks of offenders. The punishment for offenses such as swearing, lying, tardiness, coming to school dirty, skipping school, being absent from church, or being otherwise disobedient, included confinement in a closet, being handcuffed behind the back, being washed in front of the whole school, or expulsion.(Lawson/Silver 243) Its factory-like method of dispensing information might appear to be well suited for the Victorian era, but because the Monitorial system equated the acquisition of facts with knowledge, and made no allowance for individual rates or styles of learning, its use was in decline by the 1830's. Â   Elementary Education Act of 1870 From 1780 to 1870, all elementary schools were "voluntary," that is, they were established... ... --- . North and South. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1986. Lawson, John and Harold Silver. A Social History of Education in England. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1973. Ley, J.W.T. "The government Education Bill: Dickens's view on Some of Its Points." The Dickensian 11.5 (May 1906) 123-125. Mangnall, Richmal. Historical and Miscellaneous Questions. New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1848. Morrison, Arthur. A Child of the Jago. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers, 1995. Pool, Daniel. What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993. Roach, John. A History of Secondary Education in England 1800-1870. London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1986. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd .,1968. Wardle, David. English Popular Education 1780-1975. London: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Rocky Mountain High :: essays research papers

â€Å"Rocky Mountain High†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swish, swish, flap, swish, flap. The walls of my tent begin to shake vigorously. I roll over, rub my eyes, and try to figure out what in the hell is going on. Waking up from the long, cold nights sleep at 10,000 feet, my senses are not exactly what I would call â€Å"sharp as a tack†. I unzip my sleeping bag and a rush of cold mountain air sends shivers down my spine. I scramble around the tent, frantically trying to find some warm clothes. As I hop out of the tent, I realize the shaking was coming from the other members in my group giving me a camper’s wake up call. Still in a morning daze, I ask, â€Å"What’s for breakfast?† After the laughter dies down, I realize the Clif bar I packed the day before will be the only breakfast I get.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I scramble around camp, I notice the first glints of sunshine shoot over the ridge to the east and the moon slowly tucking itself into bed behind the ridge on the west. I wipe the dew off the face of my watch, 6:03am. I take a deep breath of the mountain air, as clean as pure spring water and then I feel nature begin to call. With the first task of the day accomplished, I pack up camp and prepare for the days hike. The higher up the mountain I go, more and more of my group members began to fade. Some of the members stop to rest on a log that has fallen victim to Mother Nature. Others pause to take pictures of themselves, overlooking the valley below. The lake glimmers from the sun’s rays and the cool north winds push the clouds across the sky. Feeling excited now, I want to keep going to get the view from the top. Sitting on a log to rest or taking pictures just does not seem so appealing anymore. I do not know what about hiking in the mountains that became so addicting to me, but there is definitely something about it. Maybe it is the way that all my worries and troubles seem to disappear into the land. I run around all day climbing peak after peak, not thinking twice about the rest of the world. All the TV’s, cell phones, palm pilots and other gadgets of the day that seem to keep me entertained at home are like a candle in the wind when compared to Mother Nature, who offers plenty to keep me occupied.

Australian Drama

Australian playwrights use a variety of styles, techniques and conventions to present images on the stage that provoke and challenge their audiences. Discuss with reference to your study and experience of the plays you have studied. The Australian playwrights studied this year have used a variety of styles, techniques and conventions, presenting Images which provoke and challenge audiences. The Removals by David Williamson and No Sugar by Jack Davis, despite the different contexts, are concerned with power and status and the conflict which is created by intonating cultural and social values.While Davis' No Sugar is set in Western Australia in the ass's and focuses on the discrimination and racism experienced by Aboriginals, The Removals deals with Police corruption in the us. Despite these different contexts, both plays manipulate a range of style, techniques and conventions to create images which effectively challenge and provoke their audiences. Both plays combine a range of styles , techniques and conventions to create Images which provoke and challenge the audience but the most significant dramatic quinine Is the deliberate and careful use of contrast In the spoken language.The dialogue in No Sugar provokes the audience right from the first scene with the starting mixture of â€Å"lingo's', â€Å"Garrulously Nosegays corroboree to a wet]la's brass band! † Here the audience is presented with an incongruous image of Aboriginals trying to do the impossible – adjust and assimilate harmoniously to the traditional music of the controlling culture. From the humorous slang of Jimmy, â€Å"Oh Jesus, me bloody leg† to the formal, platitude – style speech of Manville, â€Å"in this small ornery of the Empire† (4. ) the audience is challenged by the evident differentiation of status, education and privilege. White language is formal and sanitized. Black language Is comic, creative, angry and despairing, the humor challenging the audie nce to Identify sympathetically with the gutsy and resilient characters. Contrasting social and cultural values are heard throughout the play, the playwright deliberately highlighting the black conditions with white.Similarly, the open stage settings and parallel scenes juxtaposed throughout, serve to emphasis the contrasting situations. For example, (focus on three important scenes as evidence – looking at how the different elements create images for the audience) In a completely different context, David Williamson The Removals highlights the characters' weaknesses and vulnerabilities which reveal themselves as the tension escalates and the increasing corruption materialists, through the contrasting and unmistakable individual voices.Simmons Interrogates rather than communicating, using an apparently polite but deliberately terse and crude style, â€Å"l hope you're not a young smart Ares Ross. Ross in contrast parrots clichà ©Ã‚ ©s, â€Å"got to be trained for all eventu alities,† and the Removal's repetitive, â€Å"Vie got 5000 dollars worth of machinery ticking over in the driveway', provoking the audience to reconsider the about the reliability and integrity of the Police force, the willingness of a tradesman to become involved in a crisis are challenged.Events are presented rapidly and intensified through the form of the two single acts, the police station and the flat; the playwright building on a essentially realistic style with elements of Greek Theatre, the lenience taking place offstage, thus allowing the audience to rely on their imaginations to create their own images of power and corruption out of control, challenging them to reconsider their ideas and assumption .Both plays essentially rely on Realism to engage, provoke and challenge the audience while creating convincing and effective images. Although No Sugar has conventionally been staged using a Promenade form, experiments and discussions in class. (identify a staging ideas à ¢â‚¬â€œ perhaps transformational acting/ projection/ voice over – think about how well this would work as a radio play) The Removals traditionally is performed on a stage which â€Å"breaks the fourth wall† in naturalistic style, relying on realistic and recognizable Australian stereotypes.

Sweat Zora Neale Hurston

â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston is filled with many religious symbolism. Good versus evil plays a large role in the development of Delia and Skype Jones, as characters. The story is about Delia, an African American woman who is a washwoman for whites. Delia consistently looks to her religion for guidance and support as she endures the many hardships that she faces because, which are caused by her abusive husband and unfaithful husband, Sykes. Delia and Sykes Jones is a couple that have opposite moral values, but yet they are tied together through marital vows, that no longer have much importance or value. Delia Jones is portrayed as the Protagonist and a very modest woman of weakness who later gains the strength to stand u to her abusive husband Skyes. Delia looks to God and her religion to help her build the strength she needs, so she can continue to be protected from her husband who is both physically and emotionally abusive to her. However, Sykes Jones, is every bit the opposite of Delia Jones. He has neither religious values nor any important moral standards. He is an adulterous, who takes Delia’s hard working money, and spends not on his wife but on his mistress Bertha. Delia who relies solely on her faith and continues to stay contempt, no matter how her husband treats her, but Delia warned him that in the end, Sykes â€Å"sometime or ruther, Sykes, like everybody else, is gointer reap his sowing (par. 26). † The white clothes that Delia washes are a symbol of Delia’s character, as being humble and having a humble spirit through all of Sykes emotional torment. While the white clothes are symbols of purity ad humbleness, Delia is a symbol of a God (Christian) like figure. The snake and whip are symbols in the story that represent evil. A snake is generally recognized as evil religiously, because of the biblical story Adam and eve, when Satan turns into a snake. There were two instances in the story when Sykes decides to scare Delia; the first instance is when he rubs the whip on Delia and makes her think its and actual snake, the other instance is when Sykes decides to place a box outside the front door with a rattle snake inside. Since Sykes is the one creating these scare tactics to Delia, he can also be seen as a symbol of evil, which he becomes the evil antagonist of the story. These two instances could also be seen in the religious aspect with Adam and Eve. Another symbol that was present in the story was the dark grey sky. The dark grey sky symbolically means evil, remorse, and sadness. The dark grey sky came about when the snake Sykes used to scare Delia with, bites and kills him. While Sykes was dying, he was now feeling remorse for all his evil doings that he has done to Delia, so we think because he was calling out for her after the snake had bitten him. As the sky clears the story brings about another last symbol. Eventually, at the end of the story is when the reader can really see the Good vs. Evil. Sykes soon begins to â€Å"reap is sowing†(par26), when he comes home and is killed by the snake, the one thing that he had used to scare Delia with so bad that she would leave, or die even. As Sykes is dying the sky begins to clear and the sun begins to rise. The clear, light sky and the sun represents freedom, purity, and peace, and the clear sky can also represent the Delia’s character as well as the white clothes that were mentioned in the beginning of the story. In all the symbols that were present in the story, the most important symbol was Delia’s sweat. Delia’s work-worn knees crawled over the earth in Gethsemane and up to the rocks of Calvary (par. 58)† Delia worked constantly just so she could provide for her family; however, Sykes was not appreciative at all. The sweat was a symbol of Delia’s’ hard work, pain, and tears; because through out the story Delia worked, cried many tears, put up with Sykes antics, but she stil l remained contempt through all his mess. All in all Delia’s sweat represents how she work through to those trying times to take care of her family, there was a lot of pain and tears as well. Within the story there were certain things that really stood out religiously. The white clothes that Delia washes represent her character as humble, sanity, and how she remained contempt through Sykes torment and antics. The snake is show a couple of times within the story as well, when Sykes rubbed the bull-whip over her shoulder, the other is when he brought a real snake he had caught and placed it in the soap box. The snake ties into the Adam and Eve story when Satan took the form of a snake. The snake can also represent Sykes character as the antagonist. Zora Neale Hurston uses a lot of symbols and images that allowed the readers to actually visualize the story. Her short story also revealed how no matter how much a person is in love with someone, if the other person does not love them then, not even marital vows can hold an importance. This story also shows the times. This story shows that back then some men just did not care enough for their wives to help them take care of the home. Some may have felt as though they call all the shots and when things did not go their way then they get upset. However, it shows that no matter what everybody will one day have to reap their sowing just as Sykes had to, when his own antics caused him his life.

Evaluating Environmental Regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating Environmental Regulation - Essay Example Research reports that, the vast percentage of ecological damage is done before a product reaches the consumer, not afterwards: For every ton of post-consumer waste there are 20 tons of hidden pre-consumer waste, as the manufacturing process makes its way from forest, field and mine to supermarket shelf. An estimated 94% of the materials extracted for use in manufacturing durable products become waste before the product is even manufactured. Only 6 per cent of minerals and renewable materials extracted each year are embodied in durable goods. Humans have always created waste. In medieval Europe, for example garbage was damped on the streets where the crows and dogs took advantage of it. When the streets got too smelly, they were collected in carts and dumped it outside the city walls. Consequently, there is certainly a lot to dispose of waste. Americans produce 800kg of post-consumer waste per person per year. Europeans produce 400 kg. Between 1980 and 1985 every OECD country (except Germany and Japan) increased its flow of municipal solid waste - Ireland by as much as 72%. Between 1940 and 1976, the USA consumed more minerals than the whole of humanity did prior to 1940.

International business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International business environment - Essay Example This assignment aims at discussing the concept of political economy in the context of Ireland in 2004. The paper will firstly provide a brief overview of the concept of political economy followed by a brief overview of Ireland. Then a thorough analysis of the case of Ireland in 2004 will be made and the theory of political economy will be applied to the same. Globalization is the process of speedy yet steady change and integration of countries and the occurrences that happen with the use of foreign trade and a lot of foreign investments. Globalization can be expressed as newer opportunities and possibilities for action among people across the world. Here the location is not an issue and the social activities are not affected by the location of the individuals or the businesses. There have been a number of different definitions that have been provided for globalization, however none of these can be considered to be precise. However some of the definitions that have been provided by experts are discussed below. According to Stephen Gill, globalization is a method of reducing the costs in terms of transaction and Trans – border movements of, capital as well as goods and also the factors of production and goods (RobertC.Feenstra & Hanson, 1996). However Guy Brainbant (Aisbett, 2003) has described globalization to be a process which do es not only includes the world trade, but also includes a number of other factors like the development of advanced means of communication, financial markets becoming internationalized, higher and growing importance to multinational companies, higher mobility of people, population migration, and mobility of other factors like goods, capital, data and also ideas. With the rapidly increasing connections across the world and a number of new integrations worldwide, there has been a shift in the pattern of studying politics of economic relations